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,Lundy-Ekman: Neuroscience: Fundamentals for Rehabilitation, 4th EditionChapter 1: Introduction to Neuroscience
Test Bank
1. Which one of the following studies is an example of systems level neuroscience?
A. A study investigating the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the temporal lobes of
rodents
B. A study investigating the effect of impaired memory on walking performance
C. A study investigating how autonomic nerves influences baroreceptors in the vasculature
D. A study investigating the differential effects of vestibular and proprioceptive impairments
on balance in those who have had a stroke
ANS: C
Rationale: Systems level neuroscience is concerned with groups of cells in the nervous system
that perform a common function and how these cells interact with other body systems. Other
levels of neuroscience include the molecular level, which investigates the chemistry and
physics involved in neural function; the cellular level, which examines the distinctions among
different types of cells in the nervous system and how they function and communicate among
themselves and among non-neural cells; the behavioral level, which examines the interactions
among systems that influence behavior; and the cognitive level, which explores complex
neurologic functions such as thinking, language, and memory.
2. Which of the following three systems extend into all regions of the nervous system?
A. Somatic motor, autonomic, and basal ganglia
B. Autonomic, somatosensory, and cognitive
C. Limbic, autonomic, and somatosensory
D. Somatic, somatosensory, and autonomic
ANS: D
Rationale: The three systems extend throughout the entire nervous system. are the
somatosensory system, conveying information from the skin and musculoskeletal system to
the brain; the autonomic system, providing communication between the brain and smooth
muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands; and the somatic motor system, transmitting information
from the brain to the skeletal muscles. The basal ganglia, cognitive, and limbic systems are
located entirely within the brain, and thus do not extend into the spinal and peripheral regions.
3. The peripheral nervous system includes which of the following?
A. Brainstem and spinal nerves
B. Nerves, sensory receptors, and autonomic ganglia
C. Groups of myelinated axons called capsules or tracts
D. Only afferent neurons that convey information to the central nervous system
ANS: B
Copyright © 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
,Test bank 1-2
Rationale: The peripheral nervous system consists of all nervous system structures outside of
the skull and spinal column. Myelinated axons, the white matter of the peripheral nervous
system, are grouped together in nerves. Peripheral nerves convey both afferent and efferent
information to and from the central nervous system. Collections of autonomic cell bodies, or
gray matter, located in the periphery are termed ganglia.
4. The brainstem and cerebellum receive most of their blood supply from which of the following
arterial branches?
A. Internal carotid and posterior cerebral
B. Vertebral and middle cerebral
C. Vertebral and basilar
D. Internal carotid and basilar
ANS: C
Rationale: Branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries provide blood supply to the brainstem
and cerebellum. These branches include the anterior and posterior spinal arteries (medulla),
posterior cerebral arteries (midbrain), posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (medulla and
cerebellum), and anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries (pons and cerebellum).
5. The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to:
A. Establish a definitive diagnosis.
B. Determine an appropriate plan of care.
C. Determine the probable cause of the problem.
D. Determine the probable cause of the problem and the appropriate plan of care.
ANS: D
Rationale: The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to determine the likely cause of the
problem and the appropriate course of action so that treatment can be provided. In many
instances the evaluation will reveal a definitive diagnosis; however, this is not always the
case.
6. A patient reports that she has recently had pain and a loss of coordination in her left leg. These
symptoms initially began 5 days earlier, gradually worsened for 3 days, but then did not
worsen or improve since that time. The speed of onset and nature of these complaints is most
likely which one of the following?
A. Acute vascular problem
B. Subacute degenerative disorder
C. Chronic inflammatory process
D. Subacute inflammatory process
ANS: D
Rationale: The speed of onset of a neurologic complaint can be classified as acute, subacute,
or chronic. Acute problems achieve maximal signs and symptoms in minutes to hours and
often indicate a vascular problem, whereas subacute problems arise over several days and may
indicate an inflammatory process. Chronic problems gradually worsen over a period weeks,
months, or years and may suggest either a tumor or degenerative disorder.
Copyright © 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test bank 1-3
7. An individual is admitted to the hospital to investigate a recently discovered abdominal mass.
To determine the metabolic rate of the mass, an imaging study is ordered, during which a
radioisotope is injected into the patient’s bloodstream. This study is an example of which one
of the following?
A. Computed tomographic (CT) scan
B. Functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI)
C. Diffusion tensor image (DTI)
D. PET scan
ANS: D
Rationale: A PET scan is a nuclear imaging study in which emissions from a radioactive
compound are examined to assess blood flow, oxygenation, glucose metabolism, and/or
receptor location. Techniques such as CT, DTI, and fMRI rely on the use of x-ray images,
radio waves, or magnetic fields.
8. An individual suffers a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke, which disrupts the blood
supply to the medial area of the frontal lobe. This disruption is most likely due to blockage of
which one of the following?
A. Anterior communicating artery
B. Anterior cerebral artery
C. Middle cerebral artery
D. Posterior cerebral artery
ANS: B
Rationale: The anterior cerebral arteries provide blood flow to the medial aspects of the
frontal and parietal lobes. The anterior communicating artery joins these arteries. In addition,
the middle cerebral artery supplies much of the lateral hemispheres, and the posterior cerebral
artery supplies the occipital lobe and medial and inferior temporal lobe.
9. A patient visits the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He has suffered
multiple blunt force head traumas. This patient’s injury would be described as:
A. Focal.
B. Multifocal.
C. Diffuse.
D. Both B and C
ANS: B
Rationale: Damage or injuries to the central nervous system are categorized as being focal,
multifocal, or diffuse lesions. Focal lesions are limited to a single location, multifocal lesions
are limited to several nonsymmetric locations, and diffuse lesions affect bilateral structures
symmetrically but do not cross the midline as a single lesion.
10. The incidence of a disease is:
A. The proportion of the population that develops a new case of the disorder in a defined
period.
Copyright © 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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