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NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS – Q&A Graded A+

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NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS – Q&A Graded A+

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  • November 26, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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NURS 661 EXAM 1 KEY POINTS – Q&A Graded A+
Weeks 1-5
1. The PMHNP as a Therapy Provider
2. Assessment, Countertransference, Cultural Competency; Supportive and
Psychodynamic Therapy
3. EMDR and Motivational Interviewing
4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
5. Interpersonal, Humanistic-Existential, & Solution-Focused Psychotherapy

Socratic Dialogue ✔️Ans - Hallmark of CBT.
Non-directive.
A technique described as "mutual discovery in which the therapist guides the
patient through a series of questions and answers to elicit automatic thoughts
and assumptions, and examine the logic and evidence that relates to them"

Diathesis-Stress Model ✔️Ans - Serves to explore how biological or genetic
traits diathesis interact with environmental influences, stressors to produce
disorders such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ✔️Ans - Regulates cortisol, a
potent hormone that inhibits growth, immune responses, and inflammatory
responses.
In severe and prolonged stress, this feedback to the pituitary gland is
impaired and the hypothalamus does not decrease its activity, thus continuing
to pump too much cortisol

Cortisol ✔️Ans - This potent stress hormone mobilizes energy stores,
stimulates the release of glucose, potentiates the release of adrenaline,
increases cardiovascular tone, and inhibits growth, immune, and
inflammatory responses

How PTSD affects cortisol production ✔️Ans - For those with PTSD, it is
hypothesized that the brain may become hypersensitive to the effects of
cortisol. The person has a consequent loss of stimulus discrimination, and
even minor triggers may cause the person to overact.

Risk Factors for Eating Disorders ✔️Ans - · Body image distortion

,· Dissatisfaction
· Perfectionism
· History of anxiety

Erikson's Stages of Development
Infancy (birth to 18 months) ✔️Ans - Trust vs. mistrust

Pathological Outcome: Psychosis, addictions, depression

Erikson's Stages of Development
Early childhood (18 months to 3 years) ✔️Ans - Autonomy vs. self-doubt

Pathological Outcome: Paranoia, obsessions, compulsions, impulsivity

Erikson's Stages of Development
Late childhood (3 to 6 years) ✔️Ans - Initiative vs. guilt

Pathological Outcome: Conversion disorder, phobias, psychosomatic disorder

Erikson's Stages of Development
School age (6 to 12 years) ✔️Ans - Industry vs. inferiority

Pathological Outcome: Inertia, creative inhibition

Erikson's Stages of Development
Adolescent (12 to 20 years) ✔️Ans - Identity vs. role confusion

Pathological Outcome: Delinquency, gender-related identity disorders,
borderline psychotic episodes

Erikson's Stages of Development
Young adult (20 to 30 years) ✔️Ans - Intimacy vs. isolation

Pathological Outcome: Schizoid personality

Erikson's Stages of Development
Adulthood (30 to 60 years) ✔️Ans - Generativity vs. stagnation

Pathological Outcome: Midlife crisis, premature invalidism

, Erikson's Stages of Development
Old age (65 year to death) ✔️Ans - Ego integrity vs. despair

Pathological Outcome: Extreme alienation, despair

Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Oral (birth to 18 months) ✔️Ans - Task: to establish trust; comfortable
expression and gratification of oral needs

Problematic Traits: Excessive dependency; envy and jealousy; narcissism;
pessimism; excessive optimism

Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Anal (18 months to 3 years) ✔️Ans - Task: learning independence and
control

Problematic Traits: Orderliness; obstinacy; frugality; heightened ambivalence;
messiness; defiance; rage; obsessive compulsive; sadomasochism

Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Phallic/Oedipal (3 to 6 years) ✔️Ans - Task: identification with same sex
parent; development of sexual identity

Problematic Traits: sexual identity issues; castration in males; penis envy in
females; excessive guilt

Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Latency (6 to 12 years) ✔️Ans - Task: sexuality sublimated; emphasis on
same sex peers

Problematic Traits: inability to sublimate energies to learn; excessive inner
control; obsessive traits

Freud's Psychosexual Stages
Genital (13 to 20 years) ✔️Ans - Task: establishment of separation from
parents and mature non-incestuous relationships with others

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