Summary BTEC LEVEL 3 APPLIED SCIENCE: Unit 18 Assignment A - Industrial chemical reactions
205 views 1 purchase
Course
Unit 18 - Industrial chemical reactions
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Book
BTEC Level 3 National Applied Science, Student Book
Unit 18 Assignment A - Industrial chemical reactions. Coursework. I also completed all of the required practicals. Hope you find it useful! If you need anymore help you can message me :)
Learning aim A: Investigate chemical thermodynamics in order to understand spontaneous reactions
Enthalpy ch...
Enthalpy inves.ga.on
Enthalpy change is when 1 mole of a substance reacts completely in oxygen when all reactants and
products are in their standard state. Enthalpy is used to determine if a reac=on was an endothermic
or exothermic reac=on, using enthalpy we are able to calculate the heat of reac=on of a chemical
process.
The equa=on for enthalpy change is as follows: H = U + PV
Enthalpy (H)
Internal energy (U)
Product of pressure (P)
Volume (V)
Entropy
Entropy is the distor=on of order in some amount of molecules, or the measure of randomness of
molecules in a system. An example of entropy is When a substance is heated, its energy rises (higher
enthalpy).
The molecules move quicker, which leads them to move in a less ordered manner, resul=ng in more
entropy than in their non-heated state.
To calculate the change in entropy, the equa=on is as follows:
Change in entropy = what you end up with – what you started with
The dissolving of anhydrous sodium carbonate in water
Equipment
- Polystyrene cup - S=rring rod
- 250 ml beaker
- Anhydrous sodium carbonate
- Dis=lled water
- Thermometer
- Weighing balance
- Clamp stand
- Measuring cylinder
, - Beaker
Method
1. A polystyrene cup was placed in a beaker to act as a stand.
2. 25 ml of dis=lled water was placed into a measuring cylinder, and was then poured into the
polystyrene cup.
3. The ini=al temperature of water was measured and recorded.
4. A weighing balance was used to weigh 4.1g of anhydrous sodium carbonate.
5. 4.1g of sodium carbonate was then carefully added into the polystyrene cup, the dis=lled
water and the anhydrous sodium carbonate was then s=rred using a s=rring rod.
6. The temperature change was then recorded every minute for 6 minutes.
7. The data that was recorded was then used to calculate the temperature change and was
then plo[ed into a graph.
Risk assessment
Anhydrous sodium carbonate does have a corrosive nature when it does contact the skin, if
anhydrous sodium carbonate was to get onto the skin it would cause severe irrita=on and poten=ally
blister and burn the skin, to mi=gate the risk gloves would have to be worn as that would act as a
barrier between the skin and the anhydrous sodium carbonate. Anhydrous sodium carbonate also
poses a risk if it was to enter the eyes, this would cause serious irrita=on and could poten=ally enter
the bloodstream through the eyes if it was accidentally rubbed into the eye. To reduce the risk of this
occurring safety goggles would have to be worn during the dura=on of the prac=cal to significantly
reduce the risk of injury.
The dissolving of ammonium chloride in water
Equipment
- Ammonium chloride (solid)
- Dis=lled water
- Beaker
- S=rring rod
- Thermometer
- Weighing balance
Method
1. A beaker was filled with 20ml of dis=lled water, the temperature of the water was taken
using a thermometer.
2. 5.3g of ammonium chloride was added into the beaker. The solu=on was then s=rred using a
s=rring rod.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lola5. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.67. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
