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Adult Echo Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Adult Echo Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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Adult Echo Study Guide with Complete SolutionsNoninvasive - Correct Answer-Echocardiology serves as an ideal ___ method to examine cardiac anatomy in the normal as well as abnormal states.
1. Dobutamine, 2. Adenosine, 3. Dipyridamine - Correct Answer-List 3 possible pharmacological techniques for stress test.
Ischemia - Correct Answer-Myocardial ___ occurs when the regional oxygen supply is insufficient to meet the body's demand.
1. Screening for CAD, 2. Assessing states before and after intervention, 3. Determining prognosis after MI, 4. Evaluating hemodynamic significance of valvular heart disease - Correct Answer-4 Indications for stress echocardiology.
1. Recent MI, 2. Unstable angina, 3. potentially life-threatening dysrhythmia, 4. Acute pericarditis, 5. Severe hypertension, 6. Acute pulmonary embolism, 7. Critical aortic stenosis - Correct Answer-7 Contraindications for stress echocardiology.
1. Exercise-induced wall motion abnormality, 2. Increase in LV volume, 3. Decrease in global LV EF - Correct Answer-An exercise echocardiogram is considered positive if any of these (3) findings are present.
The coronary or atrioventricular groove separates the atria from the ventricles. Within the groove lies the main trunk of the coronary arteries and the coronary sinus. - Correct Answer-Which heart groove or sulci separates the atria from the ventricles?
TEE. Transesophageal Echocardiography - Correct Answer-Which of the following cardiology exams require a physician to perform? (Echo / Stress Echo / TEE / Color-
flow Doppler)
1. Reduce friction with cardiac movement, 2. Allow the heart to move freely with each beat, facilitating ejection and volume changes, 3. Contain the heart within the mediastinum (especially during trauma), 4. Serve as a barrier to infection. - Correct Answer-What is the purpose of the pericardium?
Left Ventricle - Correct Answer-What is the largest cardiac chamber?
4 Pulmonary veins. 2 from each lung. They carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. - Correct Answer-The left atrium receives how many pulmonary veins? A ridge of muscle separating the right atrium. The RA has two parts: an anterior portion and a posterior portion. These two are separated by a ridge of muscle called the crista terminalis. - Correct Answer-What is crista terminalis?
Mitral Valve - Correct Answer-Which valve is located between the left atrium and the left
ventricle?
Normal pressure in the ventricle is approx 140mmHg. The actual normal pressure in the
right heart is 15-30mmHg. - Correct Answer-Which of the following is NOT a right heart characteristic and/or function? (supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation / normal pressure in the ventricle is approx 140mmHg / blood returning to the right heart has a lower Ox Sat / contains the TV)
Rheumatic Disease - Correct Answer-Mitral Valve stenosis results primarily from ___.
Endocarditis. Endocarditis is caused by bacterial yeast or fungal infections that seed and grow on the valves of the heart. - Correct Answer-Vegetations are more commonly associated with which of the following? (PHTN / aneurysm / endocarditis / MV disease)
Bjork-Shiley is a tilting disc valve that is a mechanical prosthetic valve. - Correct Answer-Which of the following is not a type of bioprosthetic heart valve? (xenograft / heterograft / homograft / Bjork-Shiley valve)
15-50mL of fluid - Correct Answer-Which of the following would indicate pericardial effusion? (5----100) mL of fluid.
Myocardium. Cardiomyopathies are categorized into 3 categories: hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive. - Correct Answer-The term cardiomyopathy is used to describe a variety of cardiac diseases that affect the ___.
Myxoma. Almost 75% of all primary tumors are benign, with myxomas accounting for almost half of this group. All ages. - Correct Answer-What is the most common type of benign tumor of the heart?
Angiosarcoma. They usually occur in adults and are more frequent in men. They are soft tissue tumors of the blood vessels and lymphatic endothelium. - Correct Answer-
What is the most common malignant cardiac tumor?
Dissecting. - Correct Answer-Which type of aneurysm results from intimal tears of the aortic wall?
Abnormalities of the left ventricular outflow tract are the most common congenital heart disease in the adult population. - Correct Answer-Which is the most common congenital
heart disease? Tetralogy of Fallot. Aorta overriding intraventricular septum, VSD, infundibular stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. - Correct Answer-What is the primary congenital disease in adults that produces cyanosis?
Pericarditis - Correct Answer-Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cardiomyopathy? (dilatation / pericarditis / restrictive / hypertrophic)
Right atrium. In stenotic disease of the TV, the effects on atria, ventricles, and vessels cause dilatation of the RA. - Correct Answer-In stenotic disease of the tricuspid, which chamber is dilated?
Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension. - Correct Answer-In tricuspid valve disease, what is the primary cause of regurgitation?
Ebstein's Anomaly. It is where the TV leaflets are displaced toward the apex of the right ventricle. - Correct Answer-Which of the following is NOT a type of endocarditis? (Ebstein's anomaly / bacterial / mycotic / Loffler's)
Dyspnea on Exertion. Clinical symptoms of AV stenosis include CP, SOB, and syncope.
Most patient do not develop these classic symptoms until the degree of aortic stenosis is moderate to severe. - Correct Answer-Which of the following is NOT a clinical symptom associated with aortic valve stenosis? (CP / dyspnea on exertion / SOB / syncope)
Mitral Valve. It is sometimes called the bicuspid valve. - Correct Answer-Which valve is the bicuspid valve with two major leaflets?
Systolic click. It corresponds with the posterior displacement of the MV leaflet into the LA and a late systolic murmur, which corresponds with the resulting MR that often occurs because of the prolapsing leaflets. - Correct Answer-What is the classic finding in MVP?
Rupture of the chordae tendineae (which is often occurs secondary to myocardial infarction.) - Correct Answer-What is the most common cause of a flail leaflet?
TEE. It provides complete evaluation of all regions of the heart. It provides higher resolution because of the transesophageal window, allowing the use of higher-
frequency transducers. - Correct Answer-Which cardiac examination provides the highest resolution?
Coronary sinus. This valve is often continuous with the eustachian valve. - Correct Answer-In which cardiac sinus is a thin fold of tissue guard called the thebesian valve?
12cm. The width is 8-9 cm (widest part), 6 cm (narrowest part) - Correct Answer-What is
the average length of an adult heart?
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