PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251
MODULE 8 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
PORTAGE LEARNING 2023/2024
GRADED A+.
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1. Describe the characteristics of different types of pain including acute, chronic, and
neuropathic.: Acute pain is sudden in onset and usually subsideswhen treated lasting 6 weeks ...
, 1. Describe the characteristics of different types of pain including acute, chronic, and
neuropathic.: Acute pain is sudden in onset and usually subsideswhen treated lasting 6 weeks or
less in duration.
Chronic pain on the other hand is persistent or recurring and often much more difficult to treat. It is
classified as any pain lasting 3-6 months or pain lasting longerthan 1 month after healing of an acute
injury. Chronic pain is especially hard to treatbecause changes can occur in how the body responds to
analgesics over time.
Neuropathic pain is a unique classification of pain and is defines as pain resultingfrom a damaged
nervous system or damaged nerve cells. Due to its unique originit does not typically respond to
traditional pain medications including opioids and NSAIDs. It can be extremely difficult to manage
and is generally treated with a variety of medications from different classes that have shown to have
some effecton neuropathic pain.
2. Define key terms: addiction, analgesic, opioids analgesics, NSAIDs, opioidtolerance, physical
dependence.: Addiction is defined as a chronic neurobio- logical disease in which genetic,
psychosocial, and environmental factors induce changes in the individual's behavior to compulsively
use drugs despite the harm they may cause.
Analgesics are defined as medications that relieve pain without causing loss ofconsciousness.
Opioid analgesics are synthetic drugs that bind to the opiate receptors in the brain and relieve pain
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Medications (NSAIDs) are a large chemically di- verse group of
drugs that are analgesics and also possess anti-inflammatory andantipyretic activity
Tolerance refers to the state in which repetitive exposure to a given drug over time induces changes in
the drug receptors that reduce the drug's effects.
Physical dependence is a condition in which a patient takes a drug over a period of time and unpleasant
physical symptoms (withdrawal) occur if the drug is stoppedabruptly or smaller doses are given and is
another sign that tolerance has developed.
3. Provide examples of drugs classified as NSAIDs, opioids and neuropathic pain medications and
list the common side effects of each.: SAIDs side effects:The primary one being their negative effect on
the GI tract. These effects can vary ranging from mild heartburn to more serious gastrointestinal bleeds.
Another seriousadverse event is the risk of acute renal failure. More recently, it has been shown that
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