TEST BANK
Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
Patricia M. Tille
14th Edition Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Microbial Taxonomy 1
Chapter 02 Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure 5
Chapter 03 Host-Microorganism Interactions 14
Chapter 04 Laboratory Safety 24
Chapter 05 Specimen Management 35
Chapter 06 Role of Microscopy 44
Chapter 07 Traditional Cultivation and Identification 51
Chapter 08 Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization 62
Chapter 09 Overview of Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection 71
Chapter 10 Principles of Antimicrobial Action & Resistance 79
Chapter 11 Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 82
Chapter 13 Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms 95
Chapter 14 Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms 100
Chapter 15 Bacillus and Similar Organisms 106
Chapter 16 Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms 110
Chapter 17 Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms 114
Chapter 18 Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms 117
Chapter 19 Enterobacteriaceae 120
Chapter 20 Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms 126
Chapter 21 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms 129
Chapter 22 Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms 137
Chapter 23 Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms 140
Chapter 24 Alcaligenes, Bordetella (Nonpertussis), Comamonas, and Similar Organisms 144
Chapter 25 Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Chromobacterium violaceum 147
Chapter 26 Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Similar Organisms 153
Chapter 27 Moraxella 155
Chapter 28 Eikenella corrodens and Similar Organisms 159
Chapter 29 Pasteurella and Similar Organisms 161
Chapter 30 Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms 163
Chapter 31 Haemophilus 166
Chapter 32 Bartonella and Afipia 172
Chapter 33 Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter 174
Chapter 34 Legionella 178
Chapter 35 Brucella 181
Chapter 36 Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis 183
Chapter 37 Francisella 187
Chapter 38 Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus 189
Chapter 39 Neisseria and Moraxella catarrhalis 192 Chapter 40 Overview and General Considerations 199
Chapter 41 Laboratory Considerations 205
Chapter 42 Mycobacteria 211
Chapter 43 Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents 225
Chapter 44 Cell Wall–Deficient Bacteria-Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma 229
Chapter 45 The Spirochetes 232
Chapter 46 Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Parasitology 239
Chapter 47 Intestinal Protozoa 246
Chapter 48 Blood and Tissue Protozoa 252
Chapter 49 Protozoa from Other Body Sites 257
Chapter 50 Intestinal Nematodes 261
Chapter 51 Tissue Nematodes 265
Chapter 52 Blood Nematodes 267
Chapter 53 Intestinal Cestodes 270
Chapter 54 Tissue Cestodes 272
Chapter 55 Intestinal Trematodes 274
Chapter 56 Liver and Lung Trematodes 276
Chapter 57 Blood Trematodes 278
Chapter 58 Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies 280
Chapter 59 Hyaline Molds, Zygomycetes, Dermatophytes, and Opportunistic and Systemic Mycoses 286
Chapter 60 Dematiaceious Molds 292
Chapter 61 Opportunistic Atypical Fungus-P. jirovecii 295
Chapter 62 The Yeasts 297
Chapter 63 Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, Therapy, and Prevention 302
Chapter 64 Overview of the Methods and Strategies in Virology 304
Chapter 65 Viruses in Human Disease 310
Chapter 66 Antiviral Therapy, Susceptibility Testing, and Prevention 317
Chapter 67 Bloodstream Infections 321
Chapter 68 Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract 326
Chapter 69 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck 331
Chapter 70 Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems 337
Chapter 71 Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses 341
Chapter 72 Infections of the Urinary Tract 343
Chapter 73 Genital Tract Infections 345
Chapter 74 Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 352
Chapter 75 Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections 356
Chapter 76 Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues 359
Chapter 77 Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory 363
Chapter 78 Infection Control 367
Chapter 79 Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism 371 Chapter 01: Microbial Taxonomy Tille: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14 th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Taxonomy can be described as a system that: a. classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms in a consistent manner. b. classifies microorganisms, based on their genetic m akeup. c. classifies microorganisms, based on their phenotypi c makeup. d. classifies microorganisms, based on their cellular and colonial traits. ANS: A Taxonomy is a system that consistently classifies, names, and identifies microorganisms. Although organisms have genotypic and phenotypic ch aracteristics, as well as cellular and colonial characteristics, answer A best describes the term taxonomy . REF: 1 2. The most basic taxonomic group that can be defined as a collection of bacterial strains that share many common physiologic and genetic features is: a. genus. b. species. c. class. d. kingdom. ANS: B Bacteria are classified into the same species, base d on their physiologic and genetic similarities and their differences from bacteria in other species. REF: 2 3. Colonial and microscopic morphologic properties, al ong with the pigmentation of colonies, would belong to a microorganism group of ________ c haracteristics. a. genotypic b. taxonomic c. phenotypic d. subspecies ANS: C Phenotypic characteristics are the observable prope rties of the subject. REF: 3-4 4. Which binomial name is correctly written? a. Escherichia coli b. Escherichia coli c. Escherichia coli d. Escherichia Coli ANS: A ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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1 | P a g e The genus should be capitalized, and the species sh ould be in lowercase. The entire name is either italicized or underlined. REF: 2 5. The use of a double genus in a microorganism’s labe l, such as Burkholderia (Pseudomonas), indicates that the bacterium: a. does not fit well in either group but has some char acteristics of both groups. b. is a genetic cross between the two groups. c. has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus (Burkholderia) . d. has been moved from one genus (Burkholderia) to another genus (Pseudomonas) . ANS: C A name of an organism may change as scientists lear n more about the organism. An older name is often included in parentheses next to the c urrent name to alleviate confusion about the identity of the organism. REF: 3 6. A bacterium that has been moved from one genus (Pseudomonas) to another genus (Burkholderia) would be correctly noted as which one of the follow ing? a. Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) b. Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) c. Pseudomonas , formerly Burkholderia d. Burkholderia , formerly Pseudomonas ANS: B The name of an organism may change as scientists le arn more about the organism. An older name is often included in parentheses next to the c urrent name to alleviate confusion about the identity of the organism. REF: 3 7. The taxon that is composed of similar species that have several important features in common but differ sufficiently to still maintain their sta tus as individual species is which one of the following? a. Class b. Order c. Family d. Genus ANS: D The genus is composed of similar species. REF: 2 8. Which binomial name is correctly written? a. Staphylococcus Aureus b. staphylococcus aureus c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Staphylococcus aureus ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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2 | P a g e ANS: C The genus should be capitalized, and the species sh ould be in lowercase. The entire name is either italicized or underlined. REF: 2 9. An example of an organism’s genotypic characteristi c is its: a. macroscopic morphologic structure. b. microscopic mor phologic structure. c. nucleic acid composition. d. antigenic properties. ANS: C The organism’s nucleic acid composition—deoxyribonu cleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)—is a genotypic characteristic. All of the oth er choices are phenotypic characteristics. REF: 3 10. An organism is serologically identified in the clin ical laboratory. This is an example of which phenotypic property? a. Subcellular properties b. Antigenic properties c. Resistant profiles d. Nucleic acid sequence analysis ANS: B Serologic methods examine the organism’s antigenic properties. REF: 4 11. Species identification is based on all of the follo wing except: a. DNA -DNA Hybridization. b. 16sRNA sequencing. c. Cell wall composition. d. Colonial pigmentation. ANS: D Species identification is based on consistent, repr oducible traits that are linked to specific traits that can be used to classify the organisms a s related. Although pigment is a phenotypic trait, it is not sufficient to use to specifically delineate species as various genes are responsible for pigmentation in a variety of organisms. REF: 1 12. The difference between a subspecies and biotype is: a. a subspecies has the same genetic makeup. b. a subspecies has a differential expression of the s ame genes. c. a subspecies is genetically different than the type species. d. a biotype and subspecies are the same. ANS: A ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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3 | P a g e A subspecies has the same genetic makeup as the spe cies but due to other factors can display some variation in physiologic characteristics. A bi otype is a designation that further group organisms based on relatively minor characteristics . REF: 2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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4 | P a g e Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Str ucture Tille: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14 th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move fro m one genetic element to another and contain genes for movement and genes for other feat ures are called: a. transposons. b. insertion sequences. c. plasmids. d. chromatoids. ANS: A Insertion sequences only code for movement. REF: 8 2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular structures are called: a. transposons. b. insertion sequences. c. plasmids. d. chromatoids. ANS: C Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion sequences) cannot. REF: 8 3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is defined as a: a. gene. b. genome. c. nucleotide. d. deoxyribonucleic acid. ANS: A The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are building blocks of genes. REF: 6 4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growi ng daughter strand in the replication process is called: a. replication enzymes. b. DNA polymerase. c. insertion sequence enzymes. d. transcriptase. ANS: B ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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5 | P a g e DNA polymerase is a specific type of replication en zyme. REF: 9 5. If a bacterial cell encounters unfavorable environm ental conditions, then its metabolism will begin to slow until it eventually transforms into a n inactive, dormant state. This survival mechanism is known as: a. polymerization. b. oxidation. c. respiration. d. sporulation. ANS: D Organisms sporulate when unfavorable conditions are encountered and remain in this state until favorable conditions return. REF: 23 6. Teichoic acids, mycolic acids, peptidoglycan, and d isaccharide-pentapeptide subunits are all building blocks of which bacterial structure? a. Outer cell membrane b. Flagella c. Inner cell membrane d. Cell wall ANS: D These elements are all part of the cell walls of so me types of bacteria. REF: 21 | 22 7. The major difference between gram-positive and gram -negative bacteria is that: a. the peptidoglycan layer in gram-positive bacteria i s substantially thinner than in gram -negative bacteria. b. gram-positive bacteria contain a periplasmic space, whereas gram-negative bacteria do not. c. flagella are only present in gram -positive bacteria. d. gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane th at functions as the cell’s initial barrier to the environment. ANS: D Gram-negative bacteria contain an outer membrane, b ut gram-positive bacteria do not. REF: 21 8. In gene regulation and control, repression is defined as the: a. internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an organism’s genome. b. mechanism of genetic control in which genes are ind uced only when the substrate to be degraded by enzymatic action is present. c. change of the bacterial genotypes through the excha nge of DNA from one cell to another. d. mechanism of genetic control in w hich genes are not transcribed and therefore are ______________________________________________________________________________________________
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