ATI- Hair, Skin and Nails
What is skin? - answers *Is the largest organ
*It provides protection and defense for the body.
*Consists of hair, skin and nails
*is a reflection of overall health.
Layers of the skin? - answers *Epidermis- top layer
*Dermis- middle layer
*Subc...
What is skin? - answers *Is the largest organ
*It provides protection and defense for the body.
*Consists of hair, skin and nails
*is a reflection of overall health.
Layers of the skin? - answers *Epidermis- top layer
*Dermis- middle layer
*Subcutaneous- adipose (fat)
Aging Adult Skin loses over time- - answers *Elasticity- loses its ability to go back to
normal once stretched.
*Sweat and Sebaceous glands- decrease in number and function....leaving the skin dry.
*Senile purpura- skin discoloration due to increasing capillary fragility.
*Skin breakdown- cell replacement is slower, and wound healing is delayed.
*Hair Matrix- functioning Melanocytes decrease, leading to gray fine hair.
To promote wound healing in aging adults...what is needed? - answers Increase of
protein in diet.
Skin Inspection includes? - answers *Inspection and palpation of the Hair, skin, and
nails. Assess and palpate peripheral arteries, and inspect the skin for presence of
edema, or skin lesions.
*Expect smooth, soft, even skin. Hair can be soft, coarse, or fine. Thicker skin of the
palms, elbows, and soles of the feet are an expected normal finding.
*Color- general pigmentation, freckles, moles, birthmarks.
*Temperature- use dorsal (back side) of the hand to palpate temp. (skin should be warm
and temperature equal bilaterally; warmth suggests proper circulation.
*ABNORMAL- hypothermia/hyperthermia
, *Moisture- normal perspiration/mucous membranes (smooth, and moist), well hydrated.
*ABNORMAL- dehydration, dry, cracked/flaky skin, Diaphoresis (excessive perspiration
due to pain, or increased metabolic rate (due to increased activity)
*Thickness- uniformly thin over the whole body/although thickening (callous) of elbow,
soles, and feet is normal.
*ABNORMAL- Atrophy...very thin, shiny (wasting away of the skin).
*Edema..is an abnormal finding.....swelling, shiny and tight skin.
(fluid accumulation in the tissues most often from direct trauma, or impaired venous
return)
*Stages of Edema- evaluate pitting by compressing the skin for at least 5 seconds over
a bony prominence.
*the depth of pitting reflects the degree of edema
*1+= trace edema, 2mm, rapid skin response
*2+= mild edema, 4mm, 10-15 second skin response.
*3+= Moderate edema, 6mm, prolonged skin response.
*4+= Severe, 8mm, prolonged skin response
*Mobility-is the skins ease in rising.
*ABNORMAL- mobility is decreased when edema is present.
*Turgor- the ability for the skin to return to its normal place (when pinched) promptly
when released.
*AB
Abnormal color change over the whole body would include.... - answers *Pallor- pale
appearance of the face, sclera, nail beds, palms, lips, and buccal (inside cheek area)
mucosa. (anemia, shock, lack of blood flow).
*Albinis- total absence of skin pigmentation melanin. (whitish, pink skin).
*Vitiglio- patchy, depigmentation, from destruction of melanocytes. (patchy, milky white
patches, symmetric, bilaterally).
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