Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)
first year course at western university. good information. mostly concise. will help past exams. a lot of reading but worth it
11/19/23, 1:29 PM Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)
Prokaryotes cell structure and function
There is tremendous diversity amount the bacteria and archaea
- The domain bacteria contain some of the most studied prokaryotes
o The majority of the 25 phyla of bacteria play a positive role in nature
Figure 4.1: phylogenetic tree of bacteria and archaea
The domain archea contains organisms with diverse physiologies
- Euryarchaeota contain:
o Methanogens (live in anoxic environments)
o Extreme halophiles (salt-lovers)
o Thermoacidophiles (grow at high temperature with low pH)
- Crenarchaeota tend to grow in hot, acidic environments such as hot springs and volcanic
vents
figure 4.20 methanogen
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,11/19/23, 1:29 PM Biology lesson 4 (prokaryotic cells and more)
figure 4.20 hyperthermophile
prokaryotes can be distinguished by their cell shape and arrangements
- Variations in cell shape and cell arrangement exist
o A bacillus is a prokaryotic cell with a rod shape
o A spherical bacterial cell is a coccus
many cocci and some bacilli appear in groups or chains
- Spiral-shaped bacteria can appear as vibrios (comma-shaped), spirilla (helical), or
spirochete
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