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BIOS 255 Final Exam – Questions & Accurate Answers
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BIOS 255 Final Exam – Questions & Accurate Answers
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BIOS 255 Final Exam – Questions & AccurateAnswers
What are the 2 type of immune response? ✔️Ans - Innate Immunity and
Adaptive Immunity
Which lines of defense make up innate immunity? ✔️Ans - 1st and 2nd line
of defense
Innate Immunity characteristics ✔️Ans - Non-specific resistance
Present at birth
1st & 2nd line of defense
What is the 1st line of defense? ✔️Ans - Skin & Mucous Membranes
What is the 2nd line of defense? ✔️Ans - Internal Defenses
The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types? ✔️Ans - Mechanical
Defense & Chemical Defense
What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity ✔️Ans - skin
mucous membranes
tears
saliva
mucus
cillia
epiglottis
urine
defecating
vomiting
What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity ✔️Ans - sebum
lysozyme
gastric juices
What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity ✔️Ans -
antimicrobial proteins
natural killer cells
,Fever
Phagocytes
Inflammation
Complement system
Interferons (IFN)
steps of phagocytosis ✔️Ans - chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion
killing
What happens in inflammation? ✔️Ans - redness/pain/heat/swelling
Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels
phagocytes migrate from blood to injury
PRISH
What do interferons do? ✔️Ans - protect the uninfected host cell from viral
infection
adaptive immunity definition ✔️Ans - ability of body to defend itself
against specific invading agents
adaptive immunity characteristics ✔️Ans - Specific immunity
has both specificity and memory
2 types
what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity ✔️Ans - cell mediated and
antibody mediated
What is Cell Mediated Immunity ✔️Ans - Specific immunity that only uses
T cells
antibody-mediated immunity ✔️Ans - produces antibody B cells in
response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells (humoral)
Immunogenicity ✔️Ans - ability to provoke immune response
, Reactivity ✔️Ans - ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it
provokes
What are epitopes? ✔️Ans - receptors on B & T cells
Binding site
B Cells in antigen processing ✔️Ans - Recognize and bind to antigens in
lymph, interstitial fluid and blood
T Cells in antigen processing ✔️Ans - only recognize fragments of antigenic
proteins (MHC)
What is antigen presentation? ✔️Ans - the antigen-MHC complex is
inserted into plasma membrane of body cell
Exogenous Antigen processing ✔️Ans - Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell
MHC II
Endogenous Antigen Processing ✔️Ans - Organism begins INSIDE the cell
MHC I
Cytokines ✔️Ans - small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that
stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions
Interleukin 2 (IL -2) ✔️Ans - Secreted by Helper T Cells
costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells
activate NK cells
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) ✔️Ans - produce macrophages
promotes proliferation of helper T cells
acts on hypothalamus to cause fever
Where are MHC I found? ✔️Ans - present in all cells
Where are MHC II found? ✔️Ans - only on antigen presenting cells
what are the 2 types of T cells? ✔️Ans - Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic
CD8 T cells
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