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MicroBio 255 Exam2 Study Guide – Complete
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MicroBio 255 Exam2 Study Guide – CompleteChapter 5 - Viral Structure and Replication, Chapter 7 - Microbial
Metabolism, Chapter 6
Obligate intracellular parasites ✔️Ans - cannot multiply unless they
invade a specific host cell and instruct its genetic and metabolic machinery to
make and release new viruses
QUIZ ON CH. 5 AND 7 ✔️Ans -
Enzymes increase the speed of a chemical reaction by ✔️Ans - lowering
the energy of activation
Apoenzymes are inactive by themselves and must be activated by ✔️Ans -
cofactors
A reduced molecule ✔️Ans - gains one or more electrons
The energy from catabolic reactions ✔️Ans - is used to produce ATP
How many FADH2 molecules are produced in the Kreb's cycle from 4 acetyl-
coA molecules in aerobic respiration? ✔️Ans - 4.
All viruses have a genome and a capsid. ✔️Ans - True
Viruses are larger than bacteria (T/F) ✔️Ans - False
Viral capsid structures include ✔️Ans - Helical, Complex and Icosahedral
types of life cycles available to a temperate phage (more than one option can
be selected) ✔️Ans - lytic and lysogenic
When culturing viruses, the "hole" left behind on a lawn of bacterial cells that
indicates that viral replication occurred is called a ____________. ✔️Ans -
PLAQUE
,CHAPTER 5-- VIRAL STRUCTURE AND MULTIPLICATION ✔️Ans - 5.2 --
THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES
5.3 -- MODES OF VIRAL TRANSPORTATION
5.4 -- CULTIVATING AND I.D.ING ANIMAL VIRUSES
5.2 the general structure of viruses ✔️Ans -
viruses contain ✔️Ans - DNA or RNA but not both in their core, and an
external coating/protein capsid. Sometimes 1 or 2 enzymes
All Viruses ✔️Ans - Ribosomes- must hijack host cell to produce
proteinaceous components
ribosome is the site of protein synthesis
No ATP-generating mechanism
Are OBLIGATE (can only replicate w/in a host cell)
Have a nucleic acid genome that can be DNA OR RNA
genomes are s.s., d.s, circular or linear DNA or RNA
Coat their genome in a protein coat, a capsid
Some Viruses ✔️Ans - Have spikes (surface proteins involved in binding)
Nucleocapsid ✔️Ans - capsid and nucleic acid together
envelope ✔️Ans - a modified piece of hosts plasma membrane layer (from
host cell) that covers the capsids of many animal viruses
naked virus ✔️Ans - has no membranous envelope. Llike enveloped
viruses, they also have proteins projecting on their outer surfaces, called
spikes, that facilitate virus docking
Virion ✔️Ans - a fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in
a host cell
capsomeres ✔️Ans - identical protein subunits that spontaneously self
assemble to form the capsid, assembling into helical or icosahedral capsids
Enveloped viruses have a layer of lipids surrounding their capsid. (CAPSID is
the most prominent feature of viruses.) This envelope is made mostly of host
cell membrane. (Plasma or cell suface or Golgi membrane, or Nuclear
, Membrane). ✔️Ans - VIRUSES of VERTEBRATES with helical capsids
ALWAYS have a membrane. Some viruses with icosachedral capsids have a
membrane
--In process, They bud off cell membrane, leave via nuclear envelopes, or the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Virus r/t antibiotics ✔️Ans - viruses lack cytoplasmic membranes, are
unable to synthesize and contain either DNA OR RNA. Abx can't alter
processes that don't exist in virus. ABX target specific functions (inhibit cell
wall synth, protein synth, etc)
DNA viruses ✔️Ans - Usually double stranded (ds) but may be single
stranded (ss)
Circular or linear
can enter host cells nucleus and replicated there
Ex ds: Smallpox, herpes
Ex ss: parvovirus
RNA viruses ✔️Ans - Usually single stranded, may be double stranded,
may be segmented into separate RNA pieces, Replicated and assembled in the
cytoplasm.
Ex: ds: gastroenteritis, Ex: ss: HIV/Aids
positive sense RNA ✔️Ans - Single-stranded RNA genomes ready for
immediate translation into proteins. Ex: Poliovirus
negative sense RNA ✔️Ans - RNA genomes that need to be converted into
the proper form to be made into proteins. Ex: influenza virus
Substances in the Virus particle ✔️Ans - Protein capsid, protein & lipid
envelopes, and nucleic acid. Additionally, ready-made enzymes req'd for
replication (polymerases)
polymerases ✔️Ans - synthesize DNA and RNA
5.3 MODES OF VIRAL MULTIPLICATION ✔️Ans -
multiplication cycles in Animal Viruses ✔️Ans - 1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
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