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UNE BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 & 2 CASE STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(DIAGRAMS INCLUDED).docx
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UNE BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 & 2 CASE STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(DIAGRAMS INCLUDED).docx
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UNE: BIOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 & 2 CASESTUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS(DIAGRAMS INCLUDED)
Folding of the secondary structures
A 19-year-old male is diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, which is caused by the
introduction of an amyloid fold in the disease-causing protein. The introduction of this fold
causes the protein to transition from a primarily α-helical structure to an aggregate of mostly β-
sheets. This change in protein structure (leading to disease) is best attributed to changes in
which of the following?
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
It reduces the catalytic activity of the enzyme
A 28-year-old male is recently diagnosed with HIV. As part of his treatment, he is prescribed
Nevirapine which interferes with retroviral reverse transcriptase enzyme. Using the graph
below, which of the following best describes the impact of this drug on its target?
- It increases the rate of the reaction
- It reduces the catalytic activity of the enzyme
- It decreases the Km of its substrate
- It irreversibly inhibits the enzyme
- It Increases the Km of its substrate
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
Substrates or ligands that bind the active site
Children with cystinosis have growth delay and both renal and ocular issues due to the
accumulation of cystine in cellular lysosomes. Effective therapy has been the administration of a
drug with a similar structure to cystine. This therapy reflects the general principle that
competitive inhibitors typically resemble the structure of which of the following?
The cofactor
Enzyme or receptor protein
, An allosteric regulator of enzyme
Substrates or ligands that bind the active site
Enzyme reaction products
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
Hypoglycemia
A 5-year old boy is diagnosed with hyperinsulinemia (elevated levels of insulin). In this
individual, which of the following would be consistent with this presentation?
- Hyperketosis (elevated ketone production)
- Elevated free fatty acids
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
lactate
A 10-year-old male is playing soccer and is sprinting after the ball. Under these anaerobic
conditions, glucose is primarily oxidized to which of the following compounds?
- Succinate
- Lactate
- Alanine
- Acetyl-CoA
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
pyruvate carboxylase
Newborn screening results show a biotinidase deficiency in a 2-day old infant which impairs the
infant's ability to reuse and recycle biotin. Due to this enzymatic deficiency, the activity of which
of the following enzymes is likely impaired?
- Pyruvate carboxylase
- Transketolase
- Aminotransferase
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
3 MULTIPLE CHOICE OPTIONS
Oxaloacetate
A newborn shows signs of lethargy and difficulty breathing. A review of family history suggests a
heritable disorder and she is screened for a deficiency in pyruvate carboxylase. In addition to
impairing the metabolic process of gluconeogenesis, this enzyme deficiency negatively impacts
the TCA cycle due to the immediate loss of which intermediate?
- Acetyl-CoA
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