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ELEC 273 Experiment 2 Lab Report Circuit Theorems Concordia University
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ELEC 273 Experiment 2 Lab Report Circuit Theorems Concordia University
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ELEC 273 Experiment 2 Lab Report Circuit Theorems ConcordiaUniversity
Objective:
Experimental verification of the Superposition Theorem, the Thevenin & Norton Theorems and
the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Introduction:
(1) The Superposition Theorem
This theorem applies to circuits which are excited by two or more independent sources. For
such circuits, the theorem states that the current or voltage associated with any branch can be
determined as sum of the exciting independent sources acting alone. For each sub-circuit
containing only one independent source, all other independent voltage sources are deactivated
by setting their voltages to zero(short circuit), and all other independent current sources are
deactivated by setting their currents to zero(open circuit).
(2) Thevenin’s Theorem & Norton’s Theorem
The two theorems offer circuit simplification by replacing an entire portion of any given circuit,
with a simple two-element equivalent circuit consisting of an independent source and a
resistance.
a. According to the Thevenin’s Theorem, the remainder of the circuit connected to RL can be
replaced with a simple circuit consisting of an independent voltage source VT in series with
a resistance RT.
b. According to the Norton’s Theorem, the remainder of the circuit connected to RL
can be replaced with a simple circuit consisting of an independent current source IN in
parallel with a conductance GN.
c. The equivalent VT and RT(or IN and GN) may be obtained by two measurements: the
open-circuit terminal voltage Voc, and the short-circuit terminal current Isc. So the
RT=VT/ISC=VOC/ISC, GN=IN/Voc=ISC/VOC=1/RT. The two measurements are sufficient to
determine both the TEC and NEC.
(3) The Maximum-Power-Transfer Theorem
According to the theorem, the maximum power that can be delivered by a real source,whose
TEC or NEC is known, to a load resistance RL is given by PL(max)=(VT)^2/4RT= (VT)^2/(4RT), and
this power transfer to the load occurs when RL=RT.
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