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Key Fea...
HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM :
The human nervous system is a complex network that controls and coordinates the
functions of the body. It can be divided into two main parts: the central nervous system
(CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
1. Central Nervous System (CNS):
Brain: The brain is the central command center of the nervous system. It processes
information received from the body and external environment, controls thoughts and
emotions, and coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions.
Spinal Cord: The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerves that extends from
the base of the brain down the spinal column. It serves as a conduit for nerve signals
between the brain and the rest of the body.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Nerves: The PNS includes nerves that extend from the CNS to various parts of the
body. These nerves can be categorized into sensory (carry information to the CNS)
and motor (carry commands from the CNS).
Sensory Receptors: Specialized cells and structures, such as eyes, ears, and skin, that
detect stimuli from the external environment and transmit signals to the CNS.
Function of the Nervous System:
Sensory Input: The nervous system receives information from sensory receptors,
allowing the body to sense and respond to changes in the environment.
Integration: The CNS processes and interprets sensory input, making decisions based
on past experiences and stored information.
Motor Output: The nervous system responds to sensory input by initiating
appropriate actions. Motor signals are sent from the CNS to muscles and glands to
carry out responses.
Subdivisions of the Nervous System:
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary functions like heart rate,
digestion, and respiratory rate. It includes the sympathetic (fight or flight) and
parasympathetic (rest and digest) divisions.
Somatic Nervous System (SNS): Controls voluntary movements and skeletal muscle
activities.
Enteric Nervous System (ENS): A complex network of nerves in the digestive tract
that regulates gastrointestinal functions independently of the CNS.
Neurons:
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