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Multiple Sclerosis| Questions And Answers| With Complete Solutions
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Multiple Sclerosis| Questions And Answers|With Complete Solutions
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Some of the things you need to know about What is Multiple
Sclerosis (MS) are as follows:
1) Chronic autoimmune disease
2) Progressive disease Involves
3) Immune System & Neurological System
4) Caused by Multifocal areas of demyelination
5) Disrupts ability of the nerve to conduct electrical impulses
6) Leads to symptoms
Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Some of the things you need to know about Epidemiology of
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are as follows:
1) First described in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot
2) Age onset 20 - 50 years old
3) Women are twice as likely to develop MS - Don't know why
4) Between 100-140 cases per 100,000 people in the UK
5) 170 per 100,000 in NI, up to 190 per 100,000 in Scotland
6)~1800-3400 people in England and Wales
7) Over 2.5 million people around the world
8) More prevalent in white Caucasians of northern European
,ancestry
9) More common north of the equator
Etiology of MS
Some of the things you need to know about Etiology of MS are
as follows:
1) Genetic: MS is polygenic. MS susceptibility genes. MS-
associated genes, which may influence the overall clinical
course of MS
2) Vitamin D3 deficiency
3) Infection e.g. exposure to viruses, EBV, Chlamydia
pnemoniae whcih can trigger an autoimmune response
4) Environmental factors
Eitology
cause of disease
Role of Vitamin D in MS
Some of the things you need to know about Role of Vitamin D
in MS are as follows:
1) US cohort study found that 3.5 times more women residing in
northern states were diagnosed with MS than southern states
2) Incidence of MS highest in North Temporal Climate
3) MS more prominent in areas reporting less than 2000 hours of
sunshine annually
4) MS displays seasonable variability with increased activity in
the Spring and lowest in the Autumn.
, 5) A Finnish study found in MS patients lower serum vitamin D
levels in the Spring.
6) A link between dietary intake of vitamin D and the incidence
of MS has been suggested in Norway along the coastal areas
where fatty fish, dairy products, and cereals are all rich in
vitamin D consumed in higher amounts. The incidence is lower
then the rest of Norway.
7) Dietary information from the Nurses Health Study of 187,000
women showed those with a history of vitamin D
supplementation as low as 400 units daily had a 40% less chance
of developing MS.
Up to 150 m/s (fast)
Speed of Action Potentials in myelinated axons ...
0.5 to 10 m/s (slow)
Speed of Action Potentials in unmyelinated axons ...
As the ms attacks the myelin sheath produced by
oligodendrocytes that are found as part of the CNS. The PNS
nerves myelin sheath instead are made by Swans cells
Why is the central nervous system affected more by MS than the
peripheral
Symptoms of MS
Some of the Symptoms of MS are as follows:
1) Vision problems - early symptoms
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