TEST BANK HDEV 6th Edition by Spencer A. Rathus. ISBN 9780357040843, 0357040848.
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Course
Institution
Cambridge University (CAM)
Table of Contents 1. History, Theories, and Methods. 2. Heredity and Prenatal Development. 3. Birth and the Newborn Baby: In the New World. 4. Infancy: Physical Development. 5. Infancy: Cognitive Development. 6. Infancy: Social and Emotional Development. 7. Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive D...
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. According to Freud’s psychosexual theory, children develop strong sexual attachments to the same‐sex
parent during the phallic stage.
a. True
b. False
2. Punishments such as spanking are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide
alternative, acceptable behaviors.
a. True
b. False
3. Bandura’s social cognitive theory argues that children learn by observing models.
a. True
b. False
4. Strong arguments or reference to authority figures are commonly used as scientific evidence.
a. True
b. False
5. In the context of experiments, experimental outcomes reflect the chance factors and not treatment.
a. True
b. False
6. Stage theories consider development as a continuous process.
a. True
b. False
7. Fixed action patterns are learned behaviors.
a. True
b. False
8. John Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants.
a. True
b. False
9. Extinction results from repeated performance of operant behavior without punishment.
a. True
b. False
10. Jean‐Jacques Rousseau believed that children were born inherently good.
a. True
b. False
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Chap 01__HDEV6
11. Dependent variables are manipulated by experimenters.
a. True
b. False
12. The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are “prewired” to respond to most situations in
general ways.
a. True
b. False
13. During prenatal development, neurotransmitters are responsible for the physical development of female
and male sex organs.
a. True
b. False
14. Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.
a. True
b. False
15. John Locke said that children begin life bearing ancestral knowledge.
a. True
b. False
16. The ecological systems theory of development states that only genetic factors are worth studying.
a. True
b. False
17. During the Middle Ages, children were nurtured until they were 7‐years‐old, which was considered the
“age of reason.”
a. True
b. False
18. Cross‐sequential research combines the longitudinal and cross‐sectional research methods.
a. True
b. False
19. Piaget’s cognitive‐developmental theory suggests that children actively learn about and take charge of
their environments.
a. True
b. False
20. The nature–nurture controversy debates whether development is continuous or a series of stages.
a. True
b. False
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Chap 01__HDEV6
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21. According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth?
a. The superego
b. The id
c. The ego
d. The archetype
22. The type of research study in which the same people are observed repeatedly over time, and changes in
development, such as gains in height or changes in mental abilities, are recorded is known as
_______________.
a. longitudinal research
b. cross‐sectional research
c. adaptive clinical research
d. correlational research
23. The process of restoring cognitive harmony when something that does not fit existing schemes is known
as ___________.
a. a fixed action pattern.
b. scaffolding.
c. zoning in on proximal development.
d. equilibration.
24. A two‐year‐old child starts screaming and crying every time their parent makes them drink a glass of milk.
The child continues to behave this way until the parent takes the glass away and tells the child they do not
need to drink it. According to Freud, which part of the child’s personality is responsible for this behavior?
a. The ego
b. The superego
c. The id
d. The superid
25. Which of the following circumstances would make a researcher use other animals instead of human
participants?
a. When the use of human participants would be considered unethical
b. When the use of human participants would require deception on the part of the researcher
c. When the researcher would be forced to keep a human participant’s identity confidential
d. When the use of other animals would be cheaper than human participants
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