I want to let you know about the study notes I created for the CUS3701 exam in 2023. These notes are helpful, but there are some important things you should keep in mind.
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,TABLE OF CONTENTS
IMPORTANT EXAM NOTES 2023 ............................................................................................................... 6
Important abbreviations in south African education ............................................................................ 6
How has curriculum changed in south Africa over the years ................................................................ 7
The Concept of "Curriculum": Design, Interpretation, Plan, and Practice ............................................ 7
Difference between "Curriculum" and "Syllabus" ................................................................................ 7
Defining a Curriculum ........................................................................................................................... 8
What is meant by "curriculum development"? .................................................................................... 8
Key Phases:....................................................................................................................................... 8
Considerations in curricular design for a diverse context - a situational analysis ................................. 9
Approaches to Curriculum Development and Their Implications: ........................................................ 9
Cognitive category according to Bloom’s taxonomy ............................................................................. 9
Explanation of Stenhouse,Tyler, Freire approach to curriculum ......................................................... 10
Possible QUESTIONS AND answers for MCQ .......................................................................................... 13
According to the National Education Policy Initiative, what does the curriculum refer to? ................ 25
What is the enacted curriculum, as described in the passage? ........................................................... 25
In the context of the passage, what does the "covert curriculum" focus on? ..................................... 25
What does the "hidden curriculum" refer to?..................................................................................... 25
What aspect of the curriculum is measured to determine learner achievement? .............................. 26
Which term represents the curriculum as it is actually experienced and learned bystudents? .......... 26
What is the primary focus of curriculum development? ..................................................................... 26
How does the curriculum development process typically unfold? ...................................................... 26
What is the purpose of analysis in the curriculum development process? ......................................... 26
Which activities are involved in the analysis phase of curriculum development? ............................... 26
How does the purpose of a curriculum influence its structure? ......................................................... 27
How do the aims and outcomes of a curriculum influence its structure? ........................................... 27
What should clear, specific aims in a curriculum be aligned with? ..................................................... 27
In the curriculum design process, what does "covert curriculum" refer to? ....................................... 27
Why is assessment considered an important element of curriculum design? .................................... 27
Which aspect of the curriculum focuses on the knowledge organization? ......................................... 27
In the enacted curriculum, what influences the results of the same prescribed curriculumin different
schools? .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Curriculum development is influenced by different understandings of why a curriculum should be
developed. What are the primary considerations in curriculum development? ................................. 28
When developing a curriculum, what is the primary function of the "purpose" statement? .............. 28
The knowledge and skills included in a curriculum should be aligned with: ....................................... 28
In which curriculum approach are learners seen as active co-creators and participants inthe learning
process? .............................................................................................................................................. 28
Which curriculum development approach primarily emphasizes measurable outcomes andobjectives?
............................................................................................................................................................ 28
,In the "curriculum as context" approach, what plays a significant role in the learningprocess? ......... 29
What was the primary emphasis of Ralph Tyler's instrumental approach to curriculumdevelopment?
............................................................................................................................................................ 29
According to Tyler's approach, how should educational objectives be determined? .......................... 29
What is the key role of objectives in Tyler's approach to curriculum development? .......................... 29
In Tyler's approach, what is the order of planning in the curriculum development process? ............. 29
What evaluation instruments are commonly associated with the objectives approach?.................... 29
According to Ralph Tyler's approach, who should make decisions about curriculum content and
teaching activities? ............................................................................................................................. 30
What is the primary focus of assessment in Tyler's approach to curriculum development? ............... 30
What distinguishes Tyler's approach from the process approach in curriculumdevelopment? .......... 30
In Tyler's approach, what role does the teacher play in curriculum development? ............................ 30
How does Stenhouse view curriculum proposals? .............................................................................. 30
What does Stenhouse believe should guide the teaching of the curriculum?..................................... 30
How does Stenhouse view the role of the teacher in the curriculum development process?............. 31
What is the main focus of assessment in Stenhouse's process approach? ......................................... 31
In Stenhouse's view, how should content be chosen in the curriculum? ............................................ 31
What does Stenhouse value in the development of individuality in learners? .................................... 32
How does Stenhouse's approach differ from Tyler's approach regarding the role ofteachers? .......... 32
According to Stenhouse, what is the main advantage of his approach to curriculumdevelopment? .. 32
What does Stenhouse's approach emphasize about learners in the curriculumdevelopment process?
............................................................................................................................................................ 32
What perspective did Paolo Freire add to the study of curriculum design? ........................................ 32
What did Freire emphasize in his approach to curriculum development? .......................................... 33
What concept did Freire promote as a means of transforming reality? .............................................. 33
In Freire's view, what does a curriculum do? ...................................................................................... 33
What criteria did Freire propose for developing a language curriculum? ........................................... 33
What was the primary focus of dialogue in Freire's approach? .......................................................... 33
What type of aims did Freire emphasize in the curriculum? ............................................................... 33
What aspect of curriculum development did Freire view as essential for empowerment andchange?
............................................................................................................................................................ 34
Which of the following is NOT one of the universal principles found in the curriculumapproaches of
Tyler, Stenhouse, and Freire? ............................................................................................................. 34
What did Tyler emphasize about the teaching and learning process? ................................................ 34
What approach did Stenhouse take in the curriculum development process? ................................... 34
What were the challenges faced during South Africa's transformation of education? ........................ 34
What did Tyler's objectives-based approach prioritize?...................................................................... 34
Which approach focused on situating educational activity in the lived experience ofparticipants? ... 35
What is the primary focus of dialogue in Freire's approach? .............................................................. 35
What concept is at the heart of Freire's approach to empowering learners? ..................................... 35
, What is the main focus of teaching, according to the principles mentioned in thepassage? .............. 35
According to the socio-constructivist view, what does Lev Vygotsky believe isessential for cognitive
development? ..................................................................................................................................... 35
What does James J. Heckman emphasize as essential for a nation's economicstrength? ................... 35
What is the role of the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) in education? ......................... 36
What is the nature of the curriculum according to Ornstein and Hunkins? ........................................ 37
According to Freire, what kind of process is education? ..................................................................... 37
What type of curriculum is shaped by local features, habits, and history, making itmore meaningful for
learners? ............................................................................................................................................. 37
In 1997, South Africa introduced Curriculum 2005. What was distinctive about thiscurriculum? ...... 37
What was the major issue that Curriculum 2005 faced within South Africa?...................................... 37
In 2000, what type of committee was established by the Minister of Education to address curriculum-
related issues? .................................................................................................................................... 37
What key change occurred in 2002 regarding the curriculum in South Africa? ................................... 38
In 2008, what certificate did the Grade 12 group achieve in South Africa? ......................................... 38
What challenges led to the Minister of Basic Education appointing a panel ofexperts in July 2009?.. 38
In 2011, what was the revised curriculum named in South Africa? ..................................................... 38
In 2012, what did the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS)stipulate? ...................... 38
The CAPS (Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement) is described in the text as: .......................... 0
What prompted the amendments to the NCS and the development of the CAPS? .............................. 0
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