Davita PCT F inal Exam (Study Guide) | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+| VERIFIED & UPDATE D| 2024 1. Fluid pushed thru a semipermeable membrane (answer) Ultrafiltration 2. Known as solute drag, solute move w/ water across the semipermeable membrane. *kidneys remove waste this way* (answer) Convection 3. Movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from *high* to *low* concentration (answer) Diffusion 4. Fluid move from *low* to *high* solute concentration (answer) Osmosis 5. 1) Fluid Balance (ultrafiltration) 2) Electrolyte balance (diffusion) 3) Acid/Base balance (answer) Kidneys excretory functions 6. 1) Renin (angiotensin aldosterone system) 2) Erythropoiesis 3) Vitamin D & Calcium regulation (answer) Kidneys endocrine functions 7. Function of Bicarbonate (answer) Maintains acid-base balance and help clean blood by functioning as the primary buffer in the body 8. How do we replace *excretory* functions? (answer) Hemodialysis removes urea, salt, excess water from blood which normalizes electrolytes and metabolic acidosis 9. Hormones replaced by medications such as Epogen, Iron, Antihyperten - sive (ACE inhibitors), Phosphate binders, Vitamins D, Calcimetric agents (answer) - How we replace *endocrine* functions? 10. 1) Edema & Pulmonary Edema 2) Hypertension 3) Chronic Heart Failure 4) Shortness of breath 5) Headaches (answer) Signs & symptoms of fluid imbalance 11. Hypertension leads to(answer) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) 12. Why is sodium balance important? (answer) Sodium holds onto water, thirst and blood pressure control 13. 1) Extreme muscle weakness 2) Irregular heart rhythm (Brady) 3) Wide QRS 4) Cardia arrest (answer) Signs and symptoms of Hyperkalemia 14. 1. Fatigue 2. Muscle weakness 3. Respiratory failure 4. Irritable heart muscle 5. Dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat) 6. Cardia arrest (answer) Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia 15. Lack of Erythropoeitin (answer) Primary cause of anemia 16. Secondary Cause of anemia? (answer) blood loss 17. 1) Heparin lines are clamped 2) Wait 3-5 min after Heparin dose 3) Proper priming (answer) How to prevent blood loss 18. What is the sac inflammation of the heart that is indicated by fever, hearing rub, low blood pressure, and chest pain? (answer) Pericarditis 19. 1) Lower heparin 2) More dialysis 3)* More antibiotics & anti-inflammatory meds* (answer) Treatment of Pericarditis 20. Recommend fatty lotions, lukewarm water, antihistamine (allergy reliev - ers), pat not rub skin dry and checking phosphorus levels (answer) If patient is com - plaining of dry, itchy skin 21. What would you do if patient complaints of Peripheral Neuropathy (nerve pain)? (answer) Check water temperature, wear good shoes, no barefeet, and observe/in - spect feet 22. 1) Calcium 2) Phosphorus 3) PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) 4) Calcium/Vitamin D(answer) Four key elements affected in CKD -MBD
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