Introduction to Journalism Studies Summary - Minor Journalism/Journalistiek RuG
14 views 1 purchase
Course
(LJX059B05.20232024)
Institution
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Summary of the lectures and readings for the minor Journalism/Journalistiek. With the main subjects discussed in the lectures as headings so that it is clear what you especially have to focus on.
LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE .................................................................... 5
GOALS: ................................................................................................................................................... 5
WHAT IS JOURNALISM FOR? (WHAT IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE) ................................................................ 5
WHAT JOURNALISM ARE WE TALKING ABOUT? HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF JOURNALISM STUDIES 5
THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM .................................................................................................................. 6
PSEUDO-ENVIRONMENT AND STEREOTYPES ................................................................................... 6
PUBLIC OPINION (TRIANGLE) .................................................................................................................. 7
STEREOTYPES ........................................................................................................................................ 7
WHAT ARE JOURNALISMS CURRENT CHALLENGES? ....................................................................... 7
LECTURE 2: CHOOSING THE STORY: NEWS VALUES ........................................................ 9
3 ISSUES CONNECTED TO THE TOPIC OF NEWS VALUES (THE 3 CENTRAL QUESTIONS): ................. 9
MAIN RESEARCH FIELDS OF INQUIRY ................................................................................................................ 9
WHAT IS WORLD NEWS FOR YOU TODAY? .......................................................................................... 9
WHAT ARE THE DETERMINING FACTORS THAT MAKE YOU USE OR PICK STORIES? ........................... 10
WHAT IS NEWS AND WHAT IS JOURNALISM? ................................................................................................... 10
DAILY EVENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 10
NEWS VALUES ARE… ................................................................................................................... 10
HOW JOURNALISTS/JOURNALISM EDUCATORS SUMMARIZE VALUES............................................ 10
WHO DECIDES WHAT IS NEWS? ..................................................................................................... 11
FAKE NEWS............................................................................................................................................... 11
DEVELOPING ‘YOUR NEWS SENSE’ .............................................................................................. 11
TYPOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................... 11
WHAT ABOUT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF JOURNALISM STUDIES?...................................................................... 11
GALTUNG AND RUGE (1965) .......................................................................................................... 12
IMPACT FACTORS GALTUNG AND RUGE (5) .................................................................................................... 12
IDENTIFICATION FACTORS GALTUNG AND RUGE (4) ......................................................................................... 12
PRAGMATIC FACTORS ................................................................................................................................. 12
HARCUP & O’NEILL ........................................................................................................................ 13
FACTORS HARCUP & O’NEILL ................................................................................................................... 13
“HOW DO JOURNALISTS LEARN TO MAKE SENSE OF ‘HAPPENINGS’? HOW DO THEY LEARN THESE RULES?”................. 13
PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION .................................................................................................... 13
ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES ............................................................................................................ 14
DIGITIZATION AND NEWS VALUES: HOW DO SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS IMPACT HOW JOURNALISTS SELECT NEWS? ..... 14
HARCUP & O’NEILL (2016) .............................................................................................................. 14
THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF NEWS SELECTION AND FRAMING PROCESSES ....................................................... 14
CONCEPTUALIZING FRAMING ........................................................................................................ 17
FRAME .......................................................................................................................................... 17
FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES OF FRAMING: ......................................................................................... 18
HOW IS POWER EMBEDDED IN FRAMING? ........................................................................................... 18
JOURNALIST FRAMING .................................................................................................................. 18
,OBJECTIVITY ................................................................................................................................. 18
THE TROUBLE WITH OBJECTIVITY ........................................................................................................ 19
APPROACHES TO STUDY NEWS FRAMES ................................................................................................... 19
ISSUE FRAMING ................................................................................................................................. 19
AUDIENCE FRAMING ...................................................................................................................... 19
NEWS FRAMING (MEDIA FRAMING) ................................................................................................ 20
SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................... 20
THE NY TIMES: ROBOTS WILL TAKE OVER .......................................................................................... 21
WHAT DISCUSSIONS ARE WE MISSING? .......................................................................................................... 21
EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MEDIA FRAMING ................................................................ 21
NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE: A FRAME ANALYSIS OF THE DUTCH PRINT MEDIA ............... 21
LECTURE 4: GATEKEEPING AND JOURNALISTIC POWER .............................................. 23
LECTURE FOCUS ......................................................................................................................................... 23
THE MAIN RESEARCH FIELDS OF INQUIRY ........................................................................................................ 23
HOW DO JOURNALISTS WORK: GATEKEEPING AND ROUTINIZING NEWS PRODUCTION PROCESSES
...................................................................................................................................................... 23
GATEKEEPING – ORIGINS OF THE THEORY ...................................................................................................... 23
GATEKEEPING IN JOURNALISM STUDIES ............................................................................................. 24
HALL: ‘PRIMARY DEFINERS’................................................................................................................ 24
CRITICISM OF GATEKEEPING ......................................................................................................................... 24
MAKING NEWS AS ‘PROFESSION’: JOURNALISM AS PROFESSION.................................................. 25
BOUNDARY WORK: “CLAIMING JURISDICTION” – OR: GATES ASK FOR THE PRESENCE OF FENCES –
CLAIMING AUTHORITY – THEY UNDERSTAND THE RULES – TRYING TO DEFINE THAT WE ARE A
PROFESSION, AND WE KNOW OUR STUFF ............................................................................................ 25
HOW JOURNALISTS FENCE THEIR PROFESSION: RECALLING ORGANIZATIONAL/PROFESSIONAL VALUES ........................ 25
OCCUPATIONAL VALUES AND JOURNALISTIC IDEOLOGIES (MARK DEUZE) ............................................................ 26
OBJECTIVITY ................................................................................................................................. 26
WHAT’S IN A NAME? ................................................................................................................................. 26
OBJECTIVITY – CRITIQUES ........................................................................................................................... 27
AND THE RELATION BETWEEN THE PROFESSION JOURNALISM AND THE IDEA OF GATEKEEPING?? ............................. 27
THE COLLAPSE OF GATEKEEPING? ............................................................................................... 27
WHO IS YOUR GATEKEEPER FOR NEWS? – BECAME A MUCH MORE COMPLICATED QUESTION ...... 27
AUTHORITY AND AUTONOMY UNDER THREAD ..................................................................................... 27
USER GENERATED CONTENT (UGC) ............................................................................................................. 28
THE CHANGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOURNALISTS, SOURCES AND THEIR AUDIENCES ............ 28
GATEKEEPING IN TRANSITION (BRO AND WALLBERG, 2015).......................................................................... 28
MAKING NEWS IS SELECTIVE: THE 5 LEVELS ....................................................................................... 28
NEW GATEKEEPING MECHANISMS IN THE DIGITAL AGE ...................................................................... 28
HOW ALGORITHMIC LOGIC IMPACTS NEWS WORK (STUDYING SCANDINAVIAN NEWSROOM
PRACTICE)............................................................................................................................................. 29
WHAT INTERESTS SCHOLARS WHO STUDY GATEKEEPING TODAY: ........................................................................ 29
LECTURE 5: AUDIENCES AND JOURNALISM ..................................................................... 31
THE BEGINNING OF AUDIENCE(S)’ INTERACTIONS ...................................................................................... 31
HOW IT WAS IN THE PAST ............................................................................................................................ 31
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES (FROM MASS COMMUNICATION TO TODAY’S REALITY) ...................................................... 31
A HISTORICAL NEGOTIATION ........................................................................................................................ 31
,SIGNIFICANT CHANGES (FROM MASS COMMUNICATION TO TODAY’S REALITY) ..................................................... 32
THE IMAGINED AUDIENCE(S) OF JOURNALISTS .......................................................................................... 32
WHAT HAS CHANGED WITH THE AUDIENCE(S) .......................................................................................... 32
MULTIPLE TERMS AND APPROACHES .................................................................................................. 33
PARTICIPATORY AND CITIZEN JOURNALISM.............................................................................................. 33
CITIZEN JOURNALISM ................................................................................................................................. 33
PARTICIPATORY JOURNALISM (SEHL) ............................................................................................................ 33
CROWDSOURCING ..................................................................................................................................... 34
THE MEANING OF AUDIENCE(S) TO JOURNALISM ............................................................................................. 34
THE GAP BETWEEN JOURNALISTS AND SOURCES .............................................................................................. 34
AUDIENCE EDITORS: WHAT ARE THE CURRENT DEMANDS? ................................................................................ 34
WHAT ELSE CAN BE STUDIED? ............................................................................................................... 34
EXAM PREPARATION: .................................................................................................................... 37
THE MEANING OF GENRE ............................................................................................................... 37
GENRES IN JOURNALISM ............................................................................................................................. 37
GENRES AND STYLES (MARC DE MELO GIVES A BROAD DEFINITION) ............................................ 38
HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF A GENRE ............................................................................................... 38
NEW JOURNALISM ..................................................................................................................................... 38
PRECISION JOURNALISM ............................................................................................................................. 39
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY GENRES? ..................................................................................................... 39
EXPLANATORY JOURNALISM ....................................................................................................................... 39
INTERVIEW, PODCAST AND FACT-CHECKING ................................................................................. 39
INTERVIEW: A GENRE AND A FORM TO GATHER INFORMATION ........................................................... 39
IN THE NETHERLANDS .......................................................................................................................... 40
WHAT MAKES A GOOD INTERVIEW? ..................................................................................................... 40
PODCAST ...................................................................................................................................... 40
FACT-CHECKING AND PODCASTS ........................................................................................................ 40
PODCAST AS AN AUDIO GENRE ............................................................................................................ 41
FACT-CHECKING ........................................................................................................................... 41
WHAT IS FACT-CHECKING? .......................................................................................................................... 41
WRAPPING UP ............................................................................................................................... 42
THE JOURNEY SO FAR: ................................................................................................................................ 43
DEPARTURE POINT OF THE CLASS: ................................................................................................................. 43
TRIANGLE: ................................................................................................................................................ 43
STEREOTYPES AND HOW THEY SHAPE ONE’S PERCEPTION ........................................................... 43
STEREOTYPES: GENDER ............................................................................................................................... 43
MEMES AND THE ‘PRESIDENTIAL LOOK’ ............................................................................................... 44
“THERE IS GENDER, BUT ALSO RACE”.................................................................................................. 44
STEREOTYPES: RACE.................................................................................................................... 44
WHAT INFLUENCES THE NEWS COVERAGE OF PROTESTS? ............................................................... 44
THE PROTEST PARADIGM ............................................................................................................................ 45
WHAT INFLUENCES THE NEWS COVERAGE OF PROTESTS? .................................................................................. 45
“HOW ARE TRADITIONAL NOTIONS..” ................................................................................................... 45
GENDER AND POWER/ RACE AND POWER ..................................................................................... 45
, “JOURNALISM” AND DISINFORMATION .................................................................................................. 46
SOCIAL MEDIA, MIS-OR DISINFORMATION AND INFLUENCERS ............................................................ 46
WHAT CAN JOURNALISM DO ABOUT MIS- AND DISINFORMATION? ..................................................................... 46
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller emkooistra. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.59. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
