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CMN 10V Final Exam Review Question and answers rated A+ 2023/2024
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CMN 10V Final Exam Review Ques Read the abstract carefully a couple of times--it contains the essence of the article (Gender and communication) - correct answer - Books like "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus", and "You just don't understand: Women and Men in conversation" both of these w...

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CMN 10V Final Exam Review
Read the abstract carefully a couple of times--it contains the essence of the article (Gender and communication) - correct answer - Books like "Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus", and "You just don't understand: Women and Men in conversation" both of these works and dozens of other like them have argued for the differences hypothesis, that males and females are, psychologically, vastly different. The author on the other hand is advancing a different view, the gender similarities hypothesis.
What is the gender similarities hypothesis? - correct answer • The Gender similarities hypothesis holds that males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variable
• That is, men and women, as well as boys and girls, are more alike than they are different.
• In terms of effect sizes, the gender similarities hypothesis states that most psychological gender differences are in the close to zero, or small range, a few in the moderate range, and very few are large.
What is statistical meta-analysis? - correct answer • Statistical meta-analysis: this method revolutionized the study of psychological gender differences. Meta-analysis is a statistical method for aggregating research findings across many studies of the same question.
• How it is applied to this article - correct answer • It is ideal for synthesizing research on gender differences, an area in which often dozens or even hundreds of studies of a particular question have been conducted. • Crucial to meta-analysis is the concept of effect size, which measures the magnitude of an effect, in this case the magnitude of gender difference. • Gender meta-analyses generally proceed in four steps 1. The researcher located all studies on the topic being reviewed, typically using databases such as psycINFO and carefully chosen search terms 2. Statistics are extracted from each report and an effect size is computed for each study 3. A weighted average of the effect sizes is computed to obtain an overall assessment of the direction and magnitude of the gender differences when all studies were combined
4. Homogeneity analyses are conducted to determine whether the group of effect sizes is relatively homogenous.
What is the concluding point about inspection of effect sizes when examining the evidence of the article? - correct answer • Inspection of the effect sizes shown reveals
strong evidence for the gender similarities hypothesis. • Of the 128 effect sizes, 4 were unclassifiable because the meta-analysis provided such a wide range for the estimate. • The remaining 124 effect sizes were classified into the categories noted earlier, close to zero. • The striking results is that 30% of the effect sizes are in the close to zero range, and the additional 48% are in the small range, that is, 78% of gender differences are small or close to zero.
what is the first area of large gender difference? - correct answer • The first area of large gender differences was in the domain of motor performance, particularly for measures such as throwing velocity, and throwing distance. These differences are particularly large after puberty when the gender gap in muscle mass and bone size widens
what is the second area of large gender difference? - correct answer • The second area was found in some measures of sexuality.
• Gender differences are strikingly large for incidences of masturbation and for attitudes about sex in a casual, uncommitted relationship. • In contrast, the gender difference in reported sexual satisfaction is close to zero
what does the study show about gender differences in aggression? - correct answer • Aggression has repeatedly shown gender differences that are moderate in magnitude. • The gender difference in physical aggression is particularly reliable and is larger than the gender difference in verbal aggression. • The evidence is ambiguous regarding the magnitude of the gender difference in relational aggression
What are the various arguments about the costs of inflated claims of gender differences? - correct answer • One consequence of this overinflated claim of gender differences is that it reifies the stereotype of women as caring men as lacking nurturance. • Overall women leaders were evaluated as positively as men, however, women leaders
were portrayed as uncaring autocrats were at a more substantial disadvantage then men portrayed similarly. • The persistence of stereotypes of women as nurturers leads to serious costs for women who violate this stereotype in the workplace • This cost of overinflated claims of gender differences hit children as well, according to stereotypes, boys are better at math than girls are. But meta-analyses show math performance to be similar
• When this happens girls talented in math are overlooked by their parents, parents have lower expectations for their daughters. • Inflated claims about psychological gender differences can hurt boys as well, girls self-
esteem is purported to take a nose dive as the beginning of adolescence, with the implication that boys self-esteem do not. But meta-analysis shows that self-esteem is roughly as much of a problem for adolescent boys as it is for adolescent girls.
The first paragraph is the abstract of the study--read it closely (wishful identification, para-social interaction) - correct answer Children aged 7-12 were interviewed about

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