ICH4801 ASSIGNMENT 4 SEMESTER 2 2023 (642913)
1.1 What is meant by the expression “Global North and Global South”?
1.2 Critically review the state of research in the Global South and suggest what universities should do to encourage research in the field of the history of education. [15]
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1.1 What is meant by the expression “Global North and Global South”? *15+
The expressions "Global North" and "Global South" refer to a broad categorization used in
the context of global geopolitics, economics, and development to describe the socio-
economic and political disparities between different regions of the world. These terms are
not strictly defined by geographical location but are more indicative of the socio-economic,
political, and developmental characteristics of specific countries or regions.
Global North:
This term typically refers to the more economically developed, industrialized, and politically
influential countries or regions in the world. It includes countries in North America, Western
Europe, parts of Asia (like Japan and South Korea), and Oceania. These regions are often
characterized by higher standards of living, advanced technological infrastructure, political
stability, and a dominant role in global politics and economics.
Global South:
In contrast, the term "Global South" is used to describe less economically developed and
often poorer countries or regions. It includes countries in Africa, parts of Asia (like many
countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia), Central and South America, and Oceania. The
Global South regions are often characterized by economic challenges, political instability,
lower standards of living, and a history of colonialism or economic exploitation by more
powerful countries.
These terms are used to highlight the global disparities in wealth, development, and
influence and are often invoked in discussions related to international relations, economics,
development studies, and post-colonial discourse. It's essential to note that these categories
are fluid, and the boundaries between the Global North and Global South can be subjective,
with some countries or regions transitioning from one category to the other as they develop
or face changing circumstances.
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, ALTERNATIVE ANSWER
The concept of Global North and Global South is used to describe a grouping of countries
along socio economic and political characteristics. The Global South is a term often used
to identify lower-income countries on one side of the so-called global North–South divide,
the other side being the countries of the Global North. As such the term does not inherently
refer to a geographical south; for example, most of the Global South is actually within the
Northern Hemisphere.
The term Global North is often used interchangeably with developed countries and the
term Global South is often used interchangeably with developing countries. The separation
between the two lays in the different socio-economic and political standings of the nations
within them. The Global North is composed of the primary, developed leaders, such as the
United States, Australia, and European Union. The North controls four-fifths of the income
earned anywhere in the world. 90% of the world’s industries and manufacturing are owned
and located in the North. Global South have been subjected to European imperialism in one
form or another and dominated by foreign histories.
The Global South countries are characterized by systemic oppression, discrimination,
capitalism and colonialism. The Global South does not only refer to geographical location; it
also refers to the pain caused by capitalism and colonialism at different levels. In the Global
South, the majority of people were silenced, marginalized and unemployed and were
victims of sexism and racism because of colonialism.
The global north is composed of most first and second world countries while the global
south is composed of third world and developing countries. The global north is defined as
the rich and developed region while the global south is poorer and less developed. South
countries have suffered many economic crises while north countries don’t have many
serious economic problems.
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