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,Name __________________________________________________________Chapter 1 – Pop Quiz 1
1. Psychology is defined as the discipline concerned with:
a. the study of all physical stimuli that affect human sensations and perceptions.
b. behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state,
and external environment.
c. the study of humankind and the importance of culture in explaining the diversity in human behavior.
d. maladaptive human behaviors and cognitions that are incorporated into a person’s self-worth during
childhood.
2. _______________ established the first psychological laboratory in 1879.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. John Locke
c. William James
d. Wilhelm Wundt
3. Which modern psychological perspective focuses on how people reason, remember, understand language, and
solve problems?
a. the learning perspective
b. the cognitive perspective
c. the sociocultural perspective
d. the psychodynamic perspective
4. In almost all states, a _______________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology.
a. doctorate
b. master’s degree
c. medical degree
d. certificate from a psychoanalytic institute
5. Critical thinking requires:
a. creativity for creating alternative explanations.
b. treating all theories as equally valid.
c. low tolerance for uncertainty.
d. emotional reasoning.
6. Research methods that depict behavior, but do not necessarily yield causal explanations, are called:
a. experimental methods.
b. blind studies.
c. significance tests.
d. descriptive methods.
7. Assessment instruments that are designed to tap unconscious feelings or motives are called:
a. objective tests.
b. projective tests.
c. double-blind tests.
d. single-blind tests.
8. A _______________ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.
a. relationship coefficient
b. meta-analysis
c. Bayesian statistic
d. correlation
9. Which variable does an experimenter manipulate when conducting experimental research?
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008, Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, a. control variable
b. confounding variable
c. independent variable
d. dependent variable
10. A result that is significant at the .05 level indicates that:
a. the result was obtained purely by chance and is not real.
b. the probability that the result is due to real differences between groups is .05.
c. there is a positive relationship between variables.
d. the probability that the result occurred by chance is low, and therefore the result is probably real.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008, Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
, Chapter 1 – Pop Quiz 1
Answer Key
1. b Rationale: Psychology is the discipline concerned with understanding behavior and mental
processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external
environment. The other choices are only a part of psychology. (Page 4, Factual, Easy, LO 1.1,
APA 1.1, 1.2)
2. d Rationale: Wilhelm Wundt is referred to as the father of modern, scientific psychology because he
established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig in 1879. (Page 6, Factual, Easy, LO 1.2,
APA 1.1, 1.2)
3. b Rationale: The cognitive perspective focuses on understanding the processes the mind uses to
know and understand the world. (Page 7, Factual, Moderate, LO 1.4, APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.2)
4. a Rationale: Most U.S. states require a doctoral degree to be licensed as a psychologist. (Page 9,
Factual, Easy, LO 1.6, APA 1.1, 1.2, 5.5)
5. a Rationale: Critical thinking includes the ability to be creative and constructive, the ability to come
up with alternative rationales for events, think of implications of research findings, and apply new
knowledge to social and personal problems. It does not mean that all opinions are created equal
and that everybody’s beliefs are as good as anyone else’s. (Page 13, Conceptual, Easy, LO 1.8,
APA 1.1, 2.1, 2.2)
6. d Rationale: This is a definition of descriptive research techniques. (Page 19, Factual, Easy, LO
1.10, APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.4)
7. b Rationale: Projective tests purport to determine a person’s unconscious feelings and motives.
(Page 21, Factual, Easy, LO 1.11, APA 1.1, 1.2)
8. d Rationale: This is a definition of correlation. A correlation is a measure of how strongly two
variables are related to one another. (Page 23, Factual, Easy, LO 1.13, APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.4)
9. c Rationale: The independent variable is manipulated by the experimenter. The dependent variable
gets affected by the experimenter’s manipulation of the independent variable. (Page 27, Factual,
Easy, LO 1.16, APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.4)
10. d Rationale: A .05 level of significance means that there is less than 5 percent probability that the
results were due to chance. If, however, the significance test shows that the p value is greater
than .05, many researchers would have little confidence in the study’s result. (Page 32,
Conceptual, Difficult, LO 1.19, APA 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.4)
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008, Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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