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Earth Sci 1086 Midterm Exam Questions Correctly Answered and Updated_2023
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Earth Sci 1086 Midterm Exam Questions Correctly Answered and Updated_2023
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Earth Sci 1086 Midterm Exam Questions Correctly Answered and Updated_2023 What is the Big Bang theory? What does it describe? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - An effort to explain exactly what happened at the very beginning of the universe - Time and space were created by a gigantic explosion that emanated from a singularity What are the three main lines of observation that support the Big Bang theory (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ 1. Doppler shift: When an object is coming towards it sounds differ ently then when you are walking away from sound 2. Cosmic Microwave Background: Estimated that it was extremely hot in the first seconds of the universe and it expanded 3. Abundance of light elements: hydrogen (75%), helium (25%), lithium (trace) What are the possible shapes of the universe? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - Positive curvature: "closed" universe, finite size without boundary, eventually stop expanding and contract - Negative curvature: "open", saddle -shaped, infinite and unbounded, parallel lines e ventually diverge - Flat: Infinite in spatial extent, no boundaries, parallel lines are always parallel What makes up the most matter in the Universe? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Dark matter: 27% Conventional matter: less than 5% How can we know the age of th e universe? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ 1. Observing the composition of gases around old stars 2. Knowing the exact radioactive processes required to produce these gas compositions from the very first element created in the Big Bang 3. Knowing all the time fact ors involved in breaking down one component to yield others How do we measure distances in space? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Light years and astronomical units Explain how to use trigonometric parallax to tell the distance of nearby stars? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Relies on an object appearing to be at a different place relative to the background, depending on your viewpoint Will the Milky Way ever crash with the Andromeda galaxy? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Yes, the Andromeda galaxy is hurtling towards the Milky W ay galaxy, they are expected to crash in about 3 billion years Formation of elements from light to heavy. Which ones form in the Big Bang, a star or a supernova? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - Big Bang: H, He, Li - Star: Fe - Supernova: Heavy elements Describe the nebular hypothesis (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ This hypothesis suggests that the solar system began as an enormous cloud of dust and gas. The cloud began to rotate, heat was produced, and the cloud began to collapse toward the center. The sun forme d at the center from this heat. Cooling of the cloud caused rocky and metallic materials to form the inner planets. The outer planets formed from lighter materials and gases. The interior planets are made from condensed refractory materials, what happened to the more volatile gases? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Got swept out of the solar system -- not completely understood Explain how changes in bombardment rates support the nebular hypothesis (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ The bombardment rate should have been very hi gh early on, but fell off vey quickly as time passed The sun is a main sequence star T/F? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ True What is the structure of the Sun? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ photosphere, chromosphere, corona What is the most common element in the Sun? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Hydrogen 71% What is the purpose of NASA's genesis mission and how was it accomplished? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - Set out to capture particles of solar wind and return them for study - Travelled to the space between Earth and the Su n for 2 years What was so surprising about the results of the Genesis mission? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ The isotopic compositions of oxygen and nitrogen implanted in the wafers are significantly different to those in most of the solar system objects which w e have measurements for Does the Sun have a magnetic field (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ yes, it ejects large amounts of charged particles and plasma into space when solar storms occur. How often does the Sun's magnetic field usually flip? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ About every 11 years Does the Solar Wind reach Earth? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ No, Earth's magnetic field protects Earth's surface What are 2 effects of magnetic storms on Earth caused by solar flares? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ 1. aurora borealis 2. aurora australis How does aurora borealis form? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ On their way to Earth's magnetic poles, the solar particles interact with the molecules of gas in the upper atmosphere; the result is emission of a light photon from each collision What are the stages of the Sun from birth to death? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - Birth in Big Bang - Main sequence star - Core H exhaustion - Red Giant - White Dwarf Why is the Hubble Space telescope (HST) orbiting Earth? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ To make up for the distortion Earth's atmosphere creates What do non -optical telescopes do? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Detect radio waves, X -rays, ultraviolet and infrared light, gamma rays Name the Planets in order from their distance to the Sun (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Noodles) What is the largest object in the asteroid belt? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Ceres What does the Grand Track theory tell us about how quickly Jupit er formed? (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ Jupiter got "caught" by Saturn and both Jupiter and Saturn swung around to move back into their current positions Bad Moon Hypotheses (Correct Answer) - ✅✅ - Fission Hypothesis: Moon broke off from a rapidly spinning Ear th, this would require that Earth rotated every 2.5 hours rather than 24 hoursThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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