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Bio 202 Rio Salado Exam 1 – Q’s & A’s
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Bio 202 Rio Salado Exam 1 – Q’s & A’s
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Bio 202 Rio Salado Exam 1 – Q’s & A’sCompare and contrast endocrine glands ✔ Ans - Endocrine glands secrete
substances directly into bloodstream or tissues in your body such as the pituitary gland or thyroid gland. But exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to the outside of your body or onto the surface of the body such as sweat or salivary glands.
Define endocrine gland ✔ Ans - ductless glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.
Define exocrine glan ✔ Ans - glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples of exocrine glands include sweat,
salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, and mucous.
How are exocrine and endocrine gland similar ✔ Ans - Composed predominately of epithelial tissue. They also share organs. Several glands, such as the liver, pancreas, testis, ovary, and kidneys, have both exocrine and endocrine components
How are exocrine and endocrine glands different ✔ Ans - Exocrine glands
maintain their contact with the surface by way of a duct, an epithelial tube that conveys their secretion to the surface. The secretion maybe released to the body surface, as in the case of sweat, mammary, and tear glands. More often however, it is released into the cavity of another organ such as the mouth or intestine. Endocrine glands lose their contact with the surface and have no ducts. They do however have a high density of blood capillaries and secrete their products directly into the blood. These secretions are called hormones.
Compare and contrast hormonal and neural controls of body functioning. ✔ Ans - Neural--controls and coordinates activities of cells, moves nerve impulse down the length of a cell through neuron, high speed and shorter duration of action Hormonal--chemical impulses, releases chemicals into bloodstream (hormones) into blood to circulate through systemic circulation to act on target cells, longer duration of activation, much slower
Explain how hormonal secretions are controlled. ✔ Ans - primarily controlled by negative feedback. In negative feedback systems, a stimulus causes the release of a substance whose effects then inhibit further release. In this way, the concentration of hormones in blood is maintained within a narrow range.
Describe the functional and structural relationship between the hypothalamus
and pituitary gland and the hormones produced by each. ✔ Ans - structural- infundibulum - A stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Functional - The hypothalamus links the nervous and endocrine systems by way of the pituitary gland. Its function is to secrete releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones that stimulate or inhibit (like their names imply) production of hormones in the anterior pituitary.
Understand and review tropic hormone or tropins. ✔ Ans - Tropic hormones are hormones that act on endocrine glands, usually inducing them to secrete other hormones. They are produced by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. Examples : An example is the hormone thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) secreted by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the
anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the hormone thyroxin.
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) ✔ Ans - Stimulates adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids (cortisol)
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) ✔ Ans - Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
LH (luteinizing hormone) ✔ Ans - a hormone that causes the secretion of sex hormones by the testes and ovaries
FSH and LH ✔ Ans - regulate processes in the gonads and the production of sex hormones PRL (prolactin) ✔ Ans - Produced by Anterior lobe of Pituitary Gland. Targets mammary glands to stimulate and sustain milk production.
Growth Hormone (GH) ✔ Ans - targets: all cells in the body function : Stimulates growth and repair
MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) ✔ Ans - A hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulates the activity of pigment-
containing cells in the skin of some vertebrates.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ✔ Ans - targets: kidneys function: Controls the blood fluid and mineral levels in the body by affecting water retention by the kidneys
Know the pituitary hormones/ oxytocin ✔ Ans - targets: uterus, breasts functions : Affects uterine contractions in pregnancy and birth and subsequent release of breast milk.
Hypothalamus ✔ Ans - a neural structure lying below the thalamus; directs eating, drinking, body temperature; helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion
Photo of hypothalamus ✔ Ans - Name the general chemical categories of hormones and explain how each exerts its action on a target cell. ✔ Ans - amines, these are simple molecules
Proteins and peptides which are made from chains of amino acids
Steroids which are derived from cholesterol.
Amino Acid: water soluble, must use internal messenger
Steroid-based: lipid soluble, can pass through membranes
Amino acid- ✔ Ans - -a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
Steroid ✔ Ans - any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms
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