LETRS GLOSSARY VOLUME 1 UNITS 1-4 EXAM WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
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LETRS
Institution
LETRS
LETRS GLOSSARY VOLUME 1 UNITS
1-4 EXAM WITH ANSWERS
GRADED A+
1. Allophones - ANSWER Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting
from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these variations
of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious, as most speakers ma...
LETRS GLOSSARY VOLUME 1 UNITS
1-4 EXAM WITH ANSWERS 2023-2024
GRADED A+
1. Allophones - ANSWER Slight alterations to pronunciation of phonemes resulting
from phonemes overlapping with one another in a spoken word; these variations
of pronunciation are predictable and unconscious, as most speakers make them.
2. Allophonic variation - ANSWER The slightly different pronunciation of a
phoneme, depending on its place in a word; for example, automatic nasalizing of
a vowel before a nasal consonant.
3. Alphabetic principle - ANSWER The concept that letters are used to represent
individual phonemes in the spoken word; insight into this principle is critical for
learning to read and spell.
4. Antonym - ANSWER A word that overlaps with another word, but which has the
opposite meaning.
5. Automaticity - ANSWER The ability to read quickly and accurately without
conscious effort.
6. Background knowledge - ANSWER Preexisting knowledge of facts and ideas
necessary to make inferences.
7. Base words - ANSWER Words that can stand on their own, or can serve as part
of another word, as a free morpheme.
8. Benchmark - ANSWER A standard or a set of standards used as a threshold for
predicting future risk for reading difficulty.
9. Blend - ANSWER Two or three graphemes, each one representing a phoneme
(e.g., the s-c-r in scrape); a ________ is not one sound, but two or three adjacent
consonants before or after a vowel in a syllable.
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10. Characters - ANSWER The protagonist or who the story is about, plus optional
secondary people or animals whose roles within the story help the plot to unfold.
11. Clause - ANSWER A group of words that has a subject and a predicate and
functions as a unit.
12. Closed syllable - ANSWER A syllable with a short vowel spelled with a single
vowel letter and ending in one or more consonants (e.g., hat, kit-ten).
13. Coarticulation - ANSWER Occurs when phonemes are spoken together to
produce syllables or words and the features of these phonemes are affected by
the speech sounds that precede or follow them.
14. Code switching - ANSWER The conscious effort to write and/or speak in a
certain way, depending on the social context and/or whether the language is
spoken or writter.
15. Cognate - ANSWER A word in one language that shares a common ancestor
and common meanings with a word in another language. Many Spanish words,
such as "problema" or "diagrama," are ________ that are built around the same
Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes, or roots that English words also employ.
16. Coherence - ANSWER The property of sticking together into a consistent whole;
can refer to a quality of text or to the representation of meaning in a person's
mind.
17. Cohesive devices - ANSWER The specific linguistic devices by which a text
hangs together, such as pronoun references, repeated phrases, or substitution or
one phrase for another.
18. Comparative adjective - ANSWER An adjective that compares two nouns or
pronouns (e.g., Sarah is taller than Monique; the red flower is more colorful than
the pink one).
19. Complementary antonym - ANSWER An antonym that is mutually exclusive from
its opposite term.
20. Complex sentence - ANSWER A complex sentence has an independent clause
and a dependent clause; the dependent clause only makes sense with the
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