NUR 445 Final Exam Study questions and answers latest top score. What are some assessment findings of an uncomplicated abdominal aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.abdominal pulsation, ischemia in extremities from thrombus formation, peripheral pulses weak/ab sent; often asymptomatic What are some assessment findings of a dissected abdominal aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.rapid onset of severe abdominal pain or back pain, pain may migrate with pain of extension, peripheral neuropathy or paralysis What are some assessment findings of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.sudden onset of severe abdominal, flank, or back pain, described as ripping or tearing, syncope, hypotension, shock, sudden death What are some assessment findings of an uncomplicated thoracic aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.hoarseness, cough, dyspnea, wheezing, neck vein distention, heart failure, lump in throat sensation, BP difference of >15 between arms, peripheral pulses different between sides; often asymptomatic What are some assessment findings of a dissected thoracic aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.primary symptom is pain (acute onset of severe chest pain that may radiate to back); hypertension is common, however people with ascending aortic aneurysm tend to be normotensive or hypotensive What are some assessment findings of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm? - correct answers.rapid onset of severe chest, back, abdominal, or flank pain, or atypical pain in trunk; hypotension, hematemesis, hemoptysis What is cardiac tamponade? - correct answers.life -threatening condition associated with excessive mediastinal chest tube drainage, caused by bleeding in the pericardium, causing an accumulation of intracardiac pressure, which impairs ventricular filling and dec reases CO What is Beck's triad? - correct answers.elevated right atrial pressure, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds What are some signs and symptoms of heart failure? - correct answers.dyspnea, fatigue, limited exercise tolerance, fluid retention, leading to pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema What do heart failure symptoms result from? - correct answers.impaired ventricular function What are some signs and symptoms of low CVP? - correct answers.hypovolemia, poor venous return, hemorrhage, excess diuresis, drug -induced vasodilation, third -spacing of fluid, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration What conditions are asso ciated with low CVP? - correct answers.hypovolemia, shock, or heart failure What is a normal range for CVP/RAP? - correct answers.2 -6 mmHg What is a key finding in a hypertensive urgency? - correct answers.No target organ damage and slow BP reduction What are some signs and symptoms of a hypertensive urgency? - correct answers.headache, anxiety, epistaxis, dyspnea; may be asymptomatic What medications can be given for a hypertensive urgency? - correct answers.clonidine (a2 agonist), captopril (ACE), nif edipine (CCB) What is the treatment for a hypertensive urgency? - correct answers.follow up as outpatient, alleviate pain and anxiety, oral antihypertensives, gradual decrease in BP over 24 -48 hrs What are some signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emerge ncy? - correct answers.severe headache, neurological deficit, vertigo, N/V, chest pain, based on targeted organ affected What is the treatment for a hypertensive emergency? - correct answers.admit to ICU, administer IV antihypertensives, treat damaged end -organ, BP reduction goals (reduce MAP by 20% in first half hour, achieve approximate BP of 160/100 within 2 -6 hours; exception is aortic dissection, rapidly reduce systolic BP to less than 100 mmHg) What medications can be given in a hypertensive emergen cy? - correct answers.adrenergic inhibitors (BBs), vasodilators (nitro, nicardipine), diuretics What is a key finding in a hypertensive emergency? - correct answers.Target organ damage and rapid BP reduction What is the priority assessment of v -tach? - correct answers.synchronized cardioversion, amiodarone, procainamide if pulse is present; start CPR, defibrillation, epinephrine, vasopressin, treat possible cause What are some findings on telemetry that point to v -tach? - correct answers.absent p waves or not associated with QRS; looks whacky
