Summary PROFESSIONAL NURSING : Semester One Practical Nursing CPNRE Preparation Notes
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Course
NURSING
Institution
NURSING
Communication can be defined as a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
o We cannot have a relationship without communication
o 90% of communication is non-verbal
o The intent of any communication is to elicit a response
o Communication is a process and have 2 main purpo...
Semester One Practical Nursing CPNRE Preparation Notes
COURSE: Professional Nursing
Communication can be defined as a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
o We cannot have a relationship without communication
o 90% of communication is non-verbal
o The intent of any communication is to elicit a response
o Communication is a process and have 2 main purposes:
a) To influence others
b) To obtain information
o It can occur on an intrapersonal level-within a single individual (self-talk), interpersonal level as
well as on group levels
o Nurses who communicate effectively are better able to collect assessment data, initiate
interventions, initiate change that promotes health, and prevent the safety and legal problems
associated with nursing practice
Modes of Communication
Nonverbal- body language- eye contact, gestures, proxemics, facial expressions
Verbal- speaking- consider denotative- literal and connotative- emotional meanings of words
Electronic- texting
Factors that Affect Communication
o Culture
o Values, perceptions and attitudes
o Territoriality
o Personal space
o Roles and relationships
o Age/development
o Gender
o Environment- internal/external
Factors that Hider Effective Communication
o Stress- this can be interpreted by the patient and a clear message is not sent
o Communication barriers- can include: distractions, poor planning, opposing personalities
o Communication pitfalls- include: giving advice, making others wrong, being defensive, judging
the other person, being patronizing, giving false reassurance, asking “why” questions and blaming
others
SBAR Communication is one of the most popular structured communication techniques used in health
,care
SITUATION – The health care provider identifies the patient, the physician, the diagnosis, and the
location of the patient. The health care provider describes the patient situation that has led to this SBAR
communication
BACKGROUND- The hcp provides background information, which could include information relevant
to the current situation, mental status, current vital signs, chief complaint, pain level, and physical
assessment of the patient
ASSESSMENT- The hcp offers an assessment of the chief problem and describes the seriousness of
the situation. Any specific changes in the patient’s condition should be described
RECOMMENDATION- The hcp can make a request of the health team members
Concept- is another word for an idea; nurses make use of concepts to highlight the related concepts
around a particular topic
Theory- goes beyond conceptual models and frameworks to show the nature and significance of
relationships among concepts
The Concept of Nursing
o Provide safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care
o Promote health and well-being
o Promote and respect informed decision-making
o Preserve dignity
o Maintain privacy and confidentiality
o Promote justice & be accountable
Nursing- the attributes, characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf of or with the
client
Health- the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences
Environment- the internal and external surroundings that affect the client, which includes people in the
physical environment such as families, friends and significant others
Person- the recipient of nursing care
Sympathy- feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else’s misfortune
Empathy- experience of understanding another person's condition from their perspective
Watson
Nursing- is an intentional consciousness of caring enacted between a nurse and another, transcending
the boundaries of time, space and physicality
Health- refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body and soul. Health is also associated with the
,degree of congruence between the self as perceived and the self as experienced
Environment- both internal and external is interdependent and strongly influences health and illness.
Healing environments comprise physical and non physical energies and consciousness whereby
wholeness, comfort, beauty, dignity and peace are potentiated
Person- human beings physically are confined in space and time where as the mind and soul are not
Leininger
Nursing- is a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care
phenomenon and activities to help people maintain or regain their well-being or health in culturally
meaningful ways
Health- is a culturally defined, valued, and practiced state of well-being that reflects people’s abilities to
perform their daily activities
Environment- is the physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and cultural context of events or experiences
Person- human beings, families, clans and collective groups are constituted within cultural contexts,
including values, beliefs, and life ways
The Helping Relationship Has 2 Goals:
1. Helping the client to manage their problems in living more effectively and develop unused or
underused opportunities more fully
2. Helping clients become better at helping themselves in their everyday lives
Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships
o Purposeful communication – intentional by helping patients meet their goals
o Rapport – harmony between two people
o Trust – Patient feels comfortable and accepted; this trust is fragile and must be built; the nurse
acknowledges what the patient is saying and brings it back to the conversation
o Empathy – the nurse feels with the patient
o Goal Direction – promoting growth of that patient
Patient - Centered Care
The nurse sees the patient as an individual and then considers the individual’s context within the home
with his or her family or in a hospital setting; we look at the patient as a whole
Personal Vs. Professional Relationship
Personal Relationship Professional Relationship
, Guided by personal values and beliefs Regulated by professional standards
May last a lifetime Limited relationship; there is a start and an
end– BOUNDARIES
For pleasure and interest-directed Place is limited to where nursing care is
provided
Spontaneous Goal directed – what is important to the
patient?
Relatively equal balance Unequal power balance
Actions of Physical Attending – SOLER
Sitting face to face (at the same level)
Open posture
Leaning in
Eye contact (shows acceptance and interest)
Relax (not too quick to respond)
How To Build Rapport With The Patient:
Begin by introducing yourself have some information on the patient, the patient has the right to know
who we are and what our status is, it is a 2-way conversation, and always address the patient by their
surname as it is a form of respect
Relational Practice
A practice guided by conscious participation with clients using relational skills that include listening,
questioning, empathy, mutuality, reciprocity, self-observation, reflection, and sensitivity to emotional
contexts – Communicating in an authentic way!
Modes of Communication
Pace and Intonation
Simplicity
Clarity and Brevity
Timing and Relevance
Adaptability and Credibility
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