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BIOS 256 Final Exam 2022/2023[chamberlain]complete solution …..rated A
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BIOS 256 Final Exam 2022/2023[chamberlain]complete solution …..rated A
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BIOS 256 Final Exam/86 Questions And Answers/Latest 2023.what are male gametes? - Correct Answer -Sperm
What are female gametes? - Correct Answer -Secondary oocytes
Embryonic period? - Correct Answer -From fertilization through the eighth week of
development
Fetal period? - Correct Answer -Begins at week 9 and continues on until birth
Describe the first trimester? - Correct Answer -The first trimester is from conception to
13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system
development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens.
Describe the second trimester? - Correct Answer -14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to
develop human like features
Describe the third trimester? - Correct Answer -28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal
growth, fetus doubles in weight.
Cleavage of zygote - Correct Answer -Mitotic division after fertilization
Day 1: two-cell stage
Day 2: four-cell stage
Day 3: eight-cell stage
Day 4: morula
Day 5: blastocyst
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
FIGURE 29.5
What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? - Correct Answer -
Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes)
Decreased blood volume
Decreased blood pressure
Dry mouth
What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? - Correct Answer -
Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation, leading to
increased thirst, increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and increased
blood pressure
What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? - Correct Answer -Na+
and Cl-
, ADH function - Correct Answer -ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by inserting
aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water
and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing
blood volume, increasing blood pressure
What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine regulation?
- Correct Answer -Aldosterone and ANP
When is RAAS activated? - Correct Answer -Decreased blood pressure or Na+ deficiency
in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system.
This increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting
ducts
Functions of ANP - Correct Answer -ANP responds to increased blood volume and
increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+
into urine). Where sodium goes, water follows, therefore there is also a loss of water,
and a decrease in blood volume.
What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? - Correct Answer -Na+ and Cl-
What are the most abundant cation and anion of the ICF? - Correct Answer -K+,
proteins, and phosphates
3 buffer systems in the body - Correct Answer -(1) the carbonic acid-sodium
bicarbonate buffer system, (2) the phosphate buffer system, and (3) the protein buffer
system.
Exhalation of CO2 as a buffer system - Correct Answer -Increased exhalation of CO2
increases exhalation of H+ and increases the pH, decreased exhalation of CO2
decreases exhalation of H+ and decreases the pH
Kidneys as a buffer system - Correct Answer -Renal tubules secrete H+ in urine, and
reabsorb HCO3- so it is not lost in urine
Respiratory acidosis - Correct Answer -A drop in pH due to the failure to exhale
sufficient amounts of CO2.
Solution: the renal system may correct this by increasing the excretion of H+ in urine
and increasing HCO3- reabsorption
Respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer -An increase in pH due to the excessive
exhalation of CO2.
Solution: the renal system may correct this by decreasing the excretion of H+ and
decreasing the reabsorption of HCO3-
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