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HeartCode BLS 2020 | AHA BLS | Emergency medicine
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HeartCode BLS 2020 | AHA BLS | A+ ratedAnswers
Adult BLS Chain of Survival - Answer- 1. Surveillance, Prevention & Treatment of prearrest conditions
2. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & activation of E.R.S
3. Early CPR w/ emphasis of chest compressions
4. Rapid defibrillation
5. Multidisciplinary post-cardiac care
Steps for Scene Safety and Assessment (Check Breathing and Pulse) - Answer- 1. Assess surrounds for
safety
2. Assess victim for responsiveness and breathing (TAP & SHOUT)
*If no response-> Shout for nearby help & Activate ERS
3. Check for breathing by scanning chest and looking for chest rise
4. Check for the carotid pulse via carotid artery
*Note: Steps 3 & 4 should be done simultaneously and only take 5-10 seconds*
5. If you observe no breathing, abnormal breathing (only gasping) and do not definitely feel a carotid
pulse, ensure help is on the way and start chest compressions
What is the technique for feeling for a carotid pulse? - Answer- *Note: always perform on the side of the
victim that is closest to you
1. Locate the trachea by using 2-3 fingers and the slide fingers into groove just to one side of trachea to
feel/palpate carotid pulse
5 Critical components of chest compressions - Answer- 1. Ensure victim is on flat surface
2. Chest recoil allows blood to flow back to heart, so its important to avoid leaning on the chest between
chest compressions
3. Perform compressions with correct rate and depth (pushing hard & fast)
-Rate: 100-120 per minute
-Depth: Compression at least 2 inches (5cm)
,4. Compression-Ventilation Ratio for adults is 30:2
5. Minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds (each time you stop compressions, blood flow to the
heart and brain decreases significantly and once you resume it tales several compressions to increase
blood flow to the heart/brain back to same levels present before the interruption
What is the purpose of chest compressions? - Answer- To pump blood in the heart to rest of the body!
Incomplete chest recoil is inefficient as it reduces blood flow back to heart
How do you perform chest compressions with the correct rate/speed? - Answer- 1. Place heel of one
hand on center of chest on lower half of breast bone
2. Place heel of other hand on top of 1st hand
3. Make sure shoulders are directly over hands with elbows straight
4. When you start compressions, remember to push straight down on breast bone to get adequate depth
(5cm or 2 inc)
5. Push HARD AND FAST!
How do you open the airway of unconscious victim for breaths? - Answer- 1. Use head tilt-chin lift to
open airway (Place 1 hand on forehand and push your palm to tilt head back)
2. Place fingers under lower jaw
3. Lift jaw to bring the chin forward (purpose of this: to lift victim's tongue away from the back of throat,
relieving possible airway obstruction)
What are the 5 steps on how to use a pocket mask? - Answer- *Rescuer positioned at side of victim
1. Place on victim's face, using bridge of the nose as guide for correct position
2. Seal mask against face; use hand closer to the top of victim's head, and place index and thumb finger
along edge of mask, closest to victim's chin
3. Place remaining fingers of your 2nd hang along bony part of victim's lower jaw, near chin. Open airway
using "head tilt chin lift"
4. Press mask down while lifting jaw
5. Deliver/give 2 breathes and deliver each breath over 1 second each; enough to make victim's chest
rise visibly; pause ~1 second between each breathe
, How to perform a chin-lift tilt for an adult? - Answer- Place 1 hand on forehead and push with palm
-By lifting jaw to bring chin forward, you lift their tongue away from back of throat, relieving a possible
airway obstruction
One Rescuer Adult BLS Scenario: 5 Steps - Answer- 1. Verify scene safety
2. Check for responsiveness "Are you okay"
-If unresponsive, shout for help. Activate emergency responses system (911) and get AED or someone
else to do so,
3. Look for NO breathing or ONLY GASPING & check for carotid pulse simultaneously for at least 5 sec,
but no more than 10 sec
-If normal breathing AND pulse, MONITOR until emergency responders arrive
-If NO normal breathing, but victim has a pulse, only provide rescue breathing
-If NO normal breathing or just gasping AND NO PULSE, begin CPR immediately
4. If no breathing or only gasping AND no pulse, BEGIN CPR cycle of 30 compressions & 2 breathes
counting aloud for compressions
5. Use AED ASAP. When it arrives check heart rhythm
-Shockable rhythm: Give 1 shock and immediately resume CPR (until prompted by AED to allow a rhythm
check)
-Non-shockable rhythm: Immediately resume CPR for about 2 minutes (until prompted by AED to allow
rhythm check)
*You must "STAND CLEAR" before checks and shock delivery!*
6. Continue CPR until ALS providers take over of the victims starts to move
What is a bag-mask device? - Answer- Hand held bag used to provide positive airway ventilation to
patients who are not breathing or are not breathing adequately. The bag is attached to the face mask.
What is the purpose of a bag-mask device? - Answer- To provide positive pressure ventilation to a victim
who is not breathing or not breathing normally.
What are the 4 steps of using a bag-mask device? - Answer- 1. Position yourself directly about victim's
head
2. Place mask on victim's face, using bridge of nose as guide
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