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nr 545 pathophysiology exam 2023
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nr 545 pathophysiology exam 2023
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1. This area is the most common site for epistaxis to occur – Kiesselbach’s plexus2. This class of medication binds to specific receptors on beta cells in the pancreas
to stimulate the release of insulin – Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides
3. This acute situation in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is usually
precipitated by infection or surgery. It is life threatening because of the resulting
hyperthermia, tachycardia, and heart failure and delirium. Thyrotoxicosis
4. These are chemical messengers that may be classified by action, source, or
chemical structure. Hormones
5. These two body systems work together to regulate metabolic activities. Endocrine
and Neuro
6. A harmless microbe that is normally resident in the intestine. E-coli
7. This is the mechanism of action of tamsulosin when treating benign prostatic
hypertrophy. Alpha 1 blocker – bladder relaxation
8. This condition is concerning in a client who has had pyelonephritis and
subsequent scarring – chronic renal failure
9. This is indicative of the leakage of albumin into the filtrate due to inflammation
and increased capillary permeability
APSGN – acute post-streptococcal GN
10. This lab results indicates a failure to excrete nitrogen wastes due
to decreased GFR – BUN and Serum Creatinine
11. Most common cause of hyperaldosteronism?
Noncancerous (benign) tumor of the adrenal gland
Pheochromocytoma
,12. This class of medication reduces the amount of stomach acid produced in the
lining of the stomach - PPIs
13. This is a key difference between ST elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST
elevation myocardial infarction – ST elevation, complete/prolonged occlusion of
coronary arteries
14. In a person with ankylosing spondylitis, the most pain is typically experienced in
this position
-supine
15. This test is used to identify a definitive cause of bursitis? Physical exam
16. This joint is a common site for the swan neck deformities in a client with
rheumatoid arthritis – proximal interphalangeal joint
17. This medication selectively blocks the effects of abnormal glutamate release –
NMDA Memantine
18. This disorder/disease results from a benign pituitary adenoma secreting excess
adrenocorticotropic (ACTH). The high levels of ACTH in turn causes increased
production of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. – Cushing Syndrome
19. This salivary gland is in the cheeks in front of the ear and secretes saliva through
the Stensen's ducts - Parotid
20. This involves the transfer of gases between air-filled spaces in the lungs and blood
–
Diffusion / Gas Exchange
21. Statins reduce inflammation, modify composition, and promote stabilization of ___
within the vessel wall – plaque stabilization
22. This medication class is contraindicated in heart failure due to risk of fluid
retention - CCB
23. This bacteria category is most commonly associated with Urinary tract
infections -
, E-coli (gram negative) produces nitrites in urine
Urine WBC 95% sensitivity
Urine Leukocyte esterase 60-90% sensitivity
24. This physical exam maneuver is completed by instructing the client to lift the right
leg against gentle pressure applied by the examiner to help indicate acute
appendicitis - Psoas
25. This test is inexpensive and most reliable test for Helicobacter pylori – Breath test
or Stool H. Pylori
26. This organ structure produces and secretes bile to emulsify fats - liver
27. This is the most common cause of hyperaldosteronism – tumor adrenal gland or
pheo
28. This condition causes an opacity on the lens and decreased visual acuity -
cataract
29. In male clients, this bacteria is the most causative agent - E-coli UTI?
30. The MOA of beta blockers in clients with heart failure – reduce myocardial
workload
31. Use of carvedilol for heart failure has been associated with this compared to
atenolol -
Beta 2 blockade? – bronchoconstriction
Carvedilol is a mixed nonselective beta blocker affecting beta 1, beta 2 and alpha 1
receptors.
Beta 1 – when stimulated increases heart rate, AV conduction and contractility
Beta 2 – when stimulated produces vasodilatory effects on vascular smooth muscle cells
in the lungs and uterus
Carvedilol – helps remodel the heart’s structure in a good way
Contraindicated: Asthma, bronchospastic conditions
Precautions: Masks signs of hypoglycemia
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