Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
Workbook for
Textbook of Basic
Nursing,10th edition
eddndedition
, conviction and flexibility are necessary foundations. A nurse must
CHAPTER 1 be well educated and must integrate the art and the science of
working with people.
SECTION I: TESTING WHAT YOU KNOW 5. Clients usually feel more comfortable when nurses are easily
identifiable and distinguishable from other staff. For example, a
Activity A
name tag is required whenever you give nursing care, no matter
1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a
where you are employed.
Activity B 6. A cross (based on the Maltese Cross) and the Star of David are the
religious symbols that are represented on nursing pins.
1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b 7. World War I marked the first emergency training of nurses. The
Army School of Nursing was established; Annie W. Goodrich
Activity C (1876–1955) wrote the curriculum. Hundreds of women were
trained in this abbreviated program.
1. True 2. True 3. True 4. True
5. False. Nursing curricula should include both
SECTION II: APPLYING WHAT YOU KNOW
theoretical knowledge and practical experience.
Activity D Activity H
1. Hippocratic 1. a.The principles taught by the Nightingale Nursing
2. Italy School are
3. Caduceus • Cleanliness is vital to recovery.
4. nourish • The sick person is an individual with individ-ual needs.
Activity E • Nursing is an art and a science.
• Nurses should spend their time caring for oth-ers, not
1. The Nightingale lamp represents the warmth of
cleaning.
caring. The light of the lamp symbolizes the striving
• Prevention is better than cure.
for excellence. The oil represents the energy and
• The nurse must work as a member of a team.
commitment of the nurse to heal others.
• The nurse must use discretion but must followthe physician’s
2. The Nightingale lamp is also known as the “Lamp
orders.
of Nursing” or the “Lamp of Learning.”
• Self-discipline and self-evaluation are impor-tant.
Activity F • A good nursing program encourages a nurse’sindividual
development.
• The nurse should be healthy in mind andbody.
Activity G
1
1. Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing in New York; ANSWERS
Connecticut Training School in New Haven; and
Boston Training School at Massachusetts General
Hospital were established on the basis of the • Teaching is part of nursing.
Nightingale plan. • Nursing is a specialty.
2. Until the 1800s, few women cared for sick prisoners or prostitutes. • A nurse does not graduate, but continues tolearn throughout
Nursing was considered the most menial of all tasks, and the least his or her career.
desirable. This period is known as the dark ages of nursing. • Nursing curricula should include both theoreticalknowledge
3. Many clients are homeless, unemployed, or underemployed. Many and practical experience.
people have no health insurance. b. The Nightingale School introduced a nursing course that was 1
Devastating diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency year in length and included both classroom and clinical
syndrome (AIDS) or tuberculosis, are becoming more prevalent. experience, a major innovation at that time. The School also
These factors create a need for more healthcare in the public included other innovations, such as
sector. • Establishment of a nurses’ residence
4. Individual attributes required to be a nurse include a strong sense
of responsibility and the highest standards of integrity. Personal
,2
• Entrance examinations and academic and per-sonal She did not seek more funds, medications, or
requirements, including a character reference continued education; instead, she believed that
• Records of each student’s progress—laterknown as the “Nature alone cures. Surgery removes the bullet
“Nightingale plan,” a model for current nursing programs out of the limb, which is an obstruction to cure,
• Records of employment of students after gradu-ation, or a but nature heals the wounds. . . . Medicine assists
formal register-the beginnings of nursing practice standards nature to remove the obstruction, but does
2. The factors that are expected to continue in the nothing more. And what nursing has to do in
21st century are either case, is to put the patient in the best
• Higher client acuity in hospital and long-term settings: Because condition for nature to act upon him.”
of limitations on payment for healthcare, hospital stays are 3. Answer: The correct sequence is b, d, c, a RATIONALE: One
of the early outstanding figures in medicine was
markedly shorter than they were just 10 years ago. Clients in all
Hippocrates, born in 460 BC on the Greek island of Kos.
healthcare facilities are more acutely ill than in years past.
Phoebe, mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans (about
• Shift to community-based care: Most clients now receive
58 AD), is known as the first deaconess and visiting nurse.
healthcare outside acute care settings. Today’s nursing is
Fabiola, a Roman woman, is credited with influencing and
delivered in a much wider range of settings than in the past.
paying for the construction of the first free hospital in
• Technology: Nurses, clients, and family members often must Rome in 390 AD. In 1836, Pastor Theodor Fliedner
learn to operate highly sophisticated equipment to manage established the Kaiserswerth School for nursing in his
conditions in the home. parish in Kaiserswerth, Germany.
• Social factors: Many clients are homeless, unemployed, or 4. Answer: a
underemployed. Many people have no health insurance. RATIONALE: The YWCA offers a 3-month program to
Devastating diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency train women in simple nursing care. The American
syndrome (AIDS) or tuberculosis, are becoming more prevalent. Red Cross has begun offering home nursing
These factors create a need for more healthcare in the public education to teach lay women. The Minneapolis
sector. Vocational High School provided first vocational
• Lifestyle factors and greater life expectancy: Today’s society and school-based nursing program. Associate’s degree
the healthcare industry emphasize prevention of disease, nursing programs are offered by vocational
healthy lifestyles, and wellness programs. Greater life education settings or community colleges.
expectancy is causing huge growth in the areas of extended, 5. Answer: b
long-term, and home care. RATIONALE: The nurse would acquire additional
• Changes in nursing education: Today’s nursing programs qualifications to specialize in a particular field.
emphasize education over service to clinical sites. They identify Additional education and skills may help the nurse
specific objectives (outcomes) for students. earn more money, but this should not be the
• Autonomy: The women’s movement has influenced nurses, nurse’s focus when working at a healthcare center.
many of whom are women, to be more assertive and The nurse does not require additional education
independent. Today’s nursing role is more collaborative, rather and skills to provide primary healthcare or to
than nurses being subservient to physicians. improve the accuracy of his or her assessments.
6. Answer: a
Copyright © 2012, Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Workbook for Textbook of Basic Nursing,10th edition, by
RATIONALE: The
Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski.
Greeks set up
care centers called hostels or hospitals to care for
SECTION III: GETTING READY FOR NCLEX the sick. People with incurable diseases and
pregnant women were not admitted to these
Activity I
centers. Therapy was administered by priestesses.
1. Answer: a, c, and e 7. Answer: a
RATIONALE: Personal conviction and flexibility are RATIONALE: When a client is being treated at
necessary qualities for a nurse. A nurse must be home, it is important for the nurse to teach the
well educated and must integrate the art and the client’s family members how to operate
science of working with people. Although the sophisticated equipment. This equipment makes
nurse may have an aggressive personality, he or accuracy in diagnosis and treatment possible. The
she needs to adapt to meet the clients’ needs in nurse or healthcare person provides primary
an appropriate manner. The nurse needs to be healthcare to the clients and not the family
aware of the client’s emotions, lifestyles, physical members. The nurse working in healthcare needs
changes, spiritual needs, and individual to understand higher levels of skills. It is not the
challenges but need not be particularly spiritual. responsibility of the family members to
2. Answer: b. understand higher levels of skills. To reduce the
RATIONALE: At the battlefield near Scutari, Turkey, expenses incurred on the client’s treatment,
Nightingale insisted on establishing sanitary hospital stays may need to be reduced.
conditions and providing quality nursing care,
which immediately reduced the mortality rate.
, 3
8. Answer: a, b, and d
RATIONALE: Changes in nursing education is one of
the most influential nursing trends. Because of
limitations on payment for healthcare, higher lev-
ANSWERS
els of skill, specialization, and education are required; these
influence nursing. Greater life expectancy is causing huge growth
in the various areas of nursing. Limitations in payment for
healthcare have caused shorter, not longer, duration of hospital
stay.
9. Answer: c
RATIONALE: From Florence Nightingale in the Crimea to the
American Civil War, Korea, Vietnam, and continuing to the wars
of the 21st century, nurses have always played a vital role. World
War I marked the first emergency training of nurses. The U.S.
Cadet Nurse corps was established during World War II.
10. Answer: a, b, and c
RATIONALE: The principles of prevention, working as a member of
the team, and training are increasingly important today in a
healthcare system in which clients’ conditions are more medically
complex and clients move quickly from one healthcare setting to
another. Nursing is an art and science. The nurse must use
discretion but must follow physician’s orders.
Copyright © 2012, Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Workbook for Textbook of Basic Nursing, 10th edition, by
Caroline Bunker Rosdahl and Mary T. Kowalski.
