BIOL1P91 Midterm (Chapter 3) 2023 Questions and Answers
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Course
BIOL 1P91
Institution
BIOL 1P91
BIOL 1P91 Midterm (Chapter 3) 2023
Questions and Answers
What is an organic molecule? Correct Answer carbon-containing
What is vitalism? Correct Answer outdated belief that organic molecules were
imparted with a vital life force and could not be synthesized
Amino Functional group Correct Answe...
BIOL 1P91 Midterm (Chapter 3) 2023
Questions and Answers
What is an organic molecule? Correct Answer carbon-containing
What is vitalism? Correct Answer outdated belief that organic molecules were
imparted with a vital life force and could not be synthesized
Amino Functional group Correct Answer -Can be protonated and deprotonated
(this structure gains an H+ in addition)
-amino acids
Carbonyl Functional group Aldehyde Correct Answer aldehyde attached to H
instead of more molecule
-glucose
Carbonyl Functional group Ketone Correct Answer -steroids, waxes, proteins
Carboxyl Functional Group Correct Answer -H on OH can leave (deprotonate),
then carboxylic acid
therefore this is buffer
-amino acids, fatty acids
Methyl functional group Correct Answer non-polar
-maybe attached to DNA, proteins, carbs
Phosphate functional group Correct Answer can act as buffer
-nucleic acids
-attached to amino acids
Sulphhydryl Correct Answer R-SH
-proteins that contain amino acid cysteine
What is an Isomer? Correct Answer two structures with identical molecular
formula but different structures and characteristics
What is a structural isomer? Correct Answer contain same atoms but in different
bonding relationships
What are stereoisomers? Correct Answer Identical bonding relationships but
different spatial positioning of atoms
What is geometric isomer? Correct Answer -type of stereoisomer
-cis on same side of carbons
-trans on opposite sides of carbons in c=c double bond
What are Enantiomers? Correct Answer -type of stereoisomer
, -pair of molecules that are mirror images
What are the four major categories of macromolecules? Correct Answer
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
What is a polymer? Correct Answer large macromolecule formed by linking
together many smaller molecules (monomers)
Structure and function of each type of macromolecule depends on what? Correct
Answer 1. nature of monomers
2. number of monomers linked together
3. 3-D way in which monomers are linked
How are polymers formed? Correct Answer Condensation reactions: two or more
molecules combine into larger one with loss of a small molecule
Dehydration rxn: condensation reaction in which lost molecule is water
How are polymers broken down? Correct Answer Hydrolysis reaction: process by
which a polymer breaks down into a monomer using a molecule of water each time
monomer is released
What are carbohydrates? Correct Answer -simple sugars and polymers composed
of sugar molecules
-composed of C, H and O atoms
-represented by general formula Cn(H2O)n where n is whole number
-most carbon atoms in carb are linked to a hydrogen and OH group (polar covalent
bonds=water soluble)
What are monosaccharides? Correct Answer -simplest sugars (single monomer
unit)
-most have 5 or 6 carbons
-linear or ring structures
What are disaccharides? Correct Answer -carb composed of two
monosaccharides
-joined by dehydration rxn: covalent bond b/w two sugar molecules=glycosidic bond
-ex sucrose, maltose, lactose
-hydrolysis can break glycosidic bonds by adding water
Polysaccharides Correct Answer -many monosaccharides linked together to form
polymer
-may be used to store energy
Starch Correct Answer -Energy storing polysaccharide in plants
-consists of two polysaccharides: Amylose and Amylopectin
Glycogen Correct Answer -energy storing polysaccharide in animals
-polymer of glucose
-highly branched
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