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Summary Newtons Laws IEB
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In depth analysis of Newtons Laws according to the IEB SAGS document
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Grade 12 IEB Newtons LawsSags document:
- Define weight Fg: as the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or
near its surface
- Calculate weight using the expression Fg = mg where g is the acceleration due to
gravity. Near the surface of the earth the value is approximately 9,8 m·s-2
- Define normal force, FN, as the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an
object in contact with it
- Define frictional force due to a surface, Ff, as the force that opposes the motion
of an object and acts parallel to the surface with which the object is in contact
- Explain what is meant by the maximum static friction
- Calculate the value of the maximum static frictional forces for objects at rest on
horizontal and inclined planes
- Solve problems where the static frictional force is less than the maximum frictional
force
- Distinguish between static and kinetic friction forces
- Draw a labelled free-body diagram by drawing the object of interest as a dot and all
the forces acting on it drawn as arrows pointing away from the dot. The forces
must be fully named (e.g. weight, normal, force A on B, friction, air resistance
- Resolve forces into parallel (x) and perpendicular (y) rectangular components
appropriate to the set of axes used (e.g. the weight of an object with respect to an
inclined plane)
- Calculate the resultant or net force in the x-direction as a vector sum of all the
components in the x-direction and the resultant or net force in the y-direction as a
vector sum of all the components in the y-direction
- Calculate the resultant or net force using the resultant x and y
- State Newton's first law: An object continues in a state of rest or uniform (moving
with constant) velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force
- Define inertia as the property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its
state of rest or uniform motion
- State Newton's second law: When a net force, Fnet, is applied to an object of mass,
m, it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration, a, is directly
proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass
- Solve problems using: Fnet = ma
- Apply Newton's laws to a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium problems. (e.g.
Discuss, using Newton's first law, why it is important to wear seatbelts) (e.g. Use
Newton's second law to solve problems including an object moving on a
horizontal/inclined plane (frictionless and rough), vertical motion (e.g. rockets, scales
in lifts, hoisting masses) and also two-body systems (e.g. two masses joined by a
light (negligible mass) string which may be over a pulley, two masses touching)
- State Newton's third law: When object A exerts a force on object B, object B
simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A
- Identify action-reaction pairs (e.g. for a donkey pulling a cart, for a book on a table)
- Demonstrate an understanding of the properties of action-reaction pairs (are equal
in magnitude, act in opposite directions, act on different objects, occur
simultaneously, act along the same line)
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