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from trade to territory the company establishes power
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from trade to territory the company establishes power an important chapter for class 8
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from trade to territory the company establishes powerIntroduction:
• The chapter explores how the British East India Company began as a
trading company but eventually transformed into a political power in
India.
The Arrival of the East India Company:
• The British East India Company was one of the many European
trading companies that came to India during the 17th century.
• The company established its first factory in Masulipatnam on the
Andhra Coast.
Challenges and Struggles:
• The company faced competition from other European powers such as
the Dutch, French, and Portuguese in their quest for Indian trade.
• The Mughal Empire was weakening during this period, and regional
powers were becoming increasingly powerful.
Transformation into a Political Power:
• As the Mughal Empire weakened, the company expanded its influence
in India by establishing control over different regions.
• The Battle of Plassey in 1757 and the Battle of Buxar in 1764 were
crucial in establishing the company's power.
Key Figures:
• Robert Clive played a significant role in the company's rise to power.
He was instrumental in the Battle of Plassey.
• Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, implemented
administrative reforms.
Treaties and Agreements:
• The company signed numerous treaties and agreements with local
rulers, allowing it to collect revenue and administer territories on
behalf of Mughal emperors or local rulers.
, Impact on Local Economy and Society:
• The company's policies led to the exploitation of Indian resources,
including the draining of wealth from India to Britain.
• Indian artisans and craftsmen faced challenges due to the company's
policies.
Administrative Changes:
• The Permanent Settlement in Bengal and the Ryotwari System in
Madras and Bombay were introduced to collect revenue.
• The Regulating Act of 1773 and the Pitt's India Act of 1784 aimed to
regulate the company's affairs and strengthen parliamentary control.
End of the Chapter:
• By the early 19th century, the British East India Company had firm
control over vast territories in India.
This chapter provides insights into how a trading company evolved into a
colonial power, setting the stage for British colonial rule in India. It is
essential to study this historical period to understand the roots of colonialism
and its long-term impact on Indian history and society.
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