HESI Maternity and Pediatrics exam questions with 100% correct answers
How is EDD calculated using Nagele's rule? - answer 1. Determine the first day of the LMP
2. Subtract 3 months
3. Add 7 days
4. Adjust the year
What is gravidity? - answer the number of pregnancies including current pregnancy.
includes miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, stillbirths.
What is parity? - answer number of births in which the fetus is carried past 20 weeks gestation(not number of fetuses [e.g., twins]
GTPAL - answer Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - answer Subjective signs perceived by the woman
- Signs: amenorrhea, breast changes & tenderness, nausea
- Symptoms: N/V, urinary freq, weight gain, fatigue, quickening (fetal movement), discoloration of vaginal mucosa
Probable signs of pregnancy - answer Uterine enlargement, Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, Ballottement, + Pregnancy test, Braxton Hicks contractions
Goodell's sign - answer softening of the cervix Chadwick's sign - answer Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion.
Hegar's sign - answer softening of the lower uterine segment
Ballottement - answer The rebounding of the fetus against the examiner's fingers on palpation
Positive signs of pregnancy - answer audible fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, ultrasound visualization of fetus
How to measure Fundal Height - answer Symphysis pubis to top of uterine fundus. # of cm is usually equivalent to gestation age, give or take 1-2 cm
--At 36 weeks fetus moves down into the pelvis, measurement not as reliable
Smoking tobacco during pregnancy can lead to - answer low birth weight, a higher incidence of birth defects, and still births
Cholasma - answer Pigmented area of the face (mask of pregnancy)
"Linea Nigra" of pregnancy - answer Dark line of hyperpigmentation down the midline of the abdomen
stiae gravidarum - answer stretch marks
What are some interventions that the nurse can teach the patient for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy(occurs during 1st trimester)? - answer Eat crackers before rising in the morning, eat small, frequent and low fat meals, drink liquids between meals rather than at meals, avoid fried and spicy foods. Ask HCP if vit. B6 would be helpful. What are some interventions for syncope during pregnancy? - answer sit with feet elevated and change positions slowly. Instruct the pregnant client to avoid lying in the supine position.
What are some interventions for urinary frequency occurring during pregnancy? - answer Limit fluid intake during the evening, void at regular intervals, kegal exercises, avoid caffeine
What are some interventions of ptyalism during pregnancy? - answer Small, frequent meals, gum chewing and oral lozenges
Dilution of RBC mass causing a decline in maternal hemoglobin and hematocrit - answer physiologic anemia or pseudoanemia
Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the Hgb and Hct are? - answer Hgb less than 11 g/dL or Hct less than 33% in 1st or 3rd trimester & Hgb less than 10.5 g/dL or Hct less than 32% in 2nd trimester
What is prescribed in pregnancy to prevent iron deficiency anemia? - answer Ferrous Sulfate(iron supplement)
What happens to the heart rate during pregnancy? - answer heart rate increases by 15-20 BPM.
Interventions for heartburn during pregnancy? - answer Eat small meals Q2-3H and avoid fatty, acidic, or spicy foods. Eliminate or curtail smoking and drinking coffee and carbonated beverages. Try chewing gum. Do not eat or drink before bedtime and sleep with extra pillow. Walk or sit upright 1-2 hours after meals. May take liquid antacids. Avoid bending over.
What is round ligament pain? - answer Sharp pain in the side or inguinal area, usually on the right side.
