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The Life of Texts ch. 8 summary

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This is a summary of The Life of Texts chapter 8, divided into clear sections. The most important terms are all included in this summary.

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  • Chapter 8
  • October 12, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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Chapter 8: Between Elite and Mass Culture

8.1 Introduction: Canon and Canon Debates
 Literary canons are the reflection of a culture’s values: what we deed beautiful, important &
necessary
 Canon often does not represent minority groups well
 Canon wars in the 1980’s & 1990’s
 A canon is a heritage that changes, grows, moves & expands with the times

8.2 Mass Culture and Artistic Culture
 Critical theory is a combination of sociological & philosophical perspectives intended to dig
behind the surface of modern capitalist society to reveal its cultural power dynamics, and to
improve these societies with comprehensive analyses
 Mass media can be a manipulative threat to autonomous thinking
 Commodification: the reduction of cultural products to technologically (re)producible goods
 Culture industry vs. artistic culture

8.3 Symbolic Capital and Cultural Elitism
 Symbolic capital: a form of power and profit that denies being economic capital because on
the surface it lacks a profit motivation
 Cultural recognition depends on skilful symbolic ‘banking’: publishers invest in a name that
they have launched & established and critics either confirm or try to undermine it
 Habitus: the frameworks & structures that determine individual ways of thinking & acting
 Taste can be seen as a social skill that is leveraged as a means of marking out one’s difference
from the masses
 The distinction between ‘high’ arts & mass culture is ultimately a class distinction disguised
as a matter of quality

8.4 Folk Culture and Elite Culture Intertwined
 In the Middle Ages & Early Modern Period, folk culture was the embodiment of ‘low’ culture
– not in the sense of a culture imposed on the masses, but a popular culture that arose from
the people
 Ecclesiastical culture adopted style figures from folkloristic traditions  folk culture was
eventually eradicated & replaced by Christian practices & symbols
 The distinction between ‘high’ and ‘low’ cultures is historically fluid & subject to change

8.5 Canon-makers & Canon-breakers
 Canon-making is not only determined by literary qualities but also governed by political &
sociocultural mechanisms
 Progressive/inclusive vs. conservative/exclusive
 Exclusionary mechanism: a process that makes it impossible for marginal groups to break
through into the dominant or legitimate culture
 Slowly, literary canons are becoming more inclusive & start to take other cultures into
account as well

8.6 There is Art in Mass Media
 Audiences assign meanings to characters or storylines that often counter or contradict mass
mediated indoctrination; these meanings correspond to their respective, sociocultural
positions

8.7 In Conclusion

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