Summary
OCR A-Level Biology Kidney Summary
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Handwritten Notes detailing all the necessary A* content for Kidneys in OCR A-Level Biology.
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Indication ofLidney failure protein :
in the urine-basement
membrane/podocytes are
damaged
Blood in the filtration is not
Urine
working properly
->
hidney failure Electrolyte up of toxins high blood pressure
Effects of imbalance build
:
, , ,
weakened bones (calcium balance) joint pain and stiffness (protein build up) anaemia
, ,
Glomerular filtration rate Muscle breakdown produces creatine levels -> low GAR
creative
high
:
,
Treating hidney failure :
Renau
dialysis or
hidney transplant
Haemodialysis :
:Blood leaves the patient's body and enters a
dialysis machine,
flowing between two membranes
↳ These mimic the basement membrane added
->
Heparin is to prevent clotting
2 .
The dialysis fluid outside these membranes contains normal
plasma levels of mineral ions
·
It contains urine leaves the blood
practically
no vrea so all
3
Ideal
electrolyte balance is restored
.
↳ .
Bubbles are removed before blood is returned via a vein
Peritoneal Dialysis Dialysis fluid and
enters the
body via a Catheter occurs across the peritoneal
:
drained off
membrone over several hours conc
dialysis fluid then be
a .
can
Kidney transplant Chance of rejection and 9-10 year lifespan ->
immunosupressants
:
Transplant vs .
Dialysis :
-
Dialysis :
transplant :
·
more
expensive
·
Requires a donor
·
more restrictions ·
Immunocompromised
taves time
·
long
a
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