WGU D115 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT (OA) EXAM CO MPLETE UNIT 1 -UNIT 7 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ How is transcription best defined? - ANSWER>>>RNA is synthesized from a DNA template Process where the information in a strand of DNA is copied into mRNA How is translation best defined? - ANSWER>>>Follows transcription mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm RNA directs the synthesis of a polypeptides for protein synthesis An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? - ANSWER>>>Alpha fetoprotein Ex: spina bifida or an encephaly Amniocentesis is recommended for pregnant women with what history? - ANSWER>>>Have a family history of genetic disorders What is the technique for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities at 10 -12 weeks gestation? - ANSWER>>>Chorionic vi llus sampling CVS Amniocentesis during the 15th week of pregnancy What is the term used for an error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis or mitosis? - ANSWER>>>Nondisjunction What is the most common cause of Down Syndrome? - ANSWER>>>Maternal nondisjunction embryo now has three copies of chromosome 21 What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short statue, widely spaced nipples, and web bed neck? - ANSWER>>>Turner A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome? - ANSWER>>>Klinefelter: males When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from whom? - ANSWER>>>Both parents In order to have a disorder that is autosomal recessive a pt must inherit two mutated genes, one from each parent Cystic fibrosis is caused by what type of gene? - ANSWER>>>Autosomal recessive The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women? - ANSWER>>>Ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers Prader -Willi syndrome causes a chromosomal defect that is what? - ANSWER>>>Inh erited from the father Deletion of a part of chromosome 15 Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? - ANSWER>>>Active -acquired immunity What type of immun ity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta? - ANSWER>>>Passive -acquired immunity Where are antibodies produced? - ANSWER>>>Plasma cells When B cells are activated from antigens they develop into plasma cells. Those plasma cells then crea te antibodies specific to said antigen Which antibody initially indicates a typical primary immune response? - ANSWER>>>IgM which is found mainly in blood and lymph fluid First antibody that body makes when fighting a new pathogen The Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? - ANSWER>>>IgE Also releases histamine What are blood transfusion reactions an example of? - ANSWER>>>Alloimmunity Type of immunity that produces an immune response against antigens from members of the same species Also happens with transplants What is true of immunodeficiency? - ANSWER>>>Immunodeficiency is generally not present in other family members Mostly from extrinsic factors A healthcare professional advises patients to exercise because it has probably impact on reducing which cancer? - ANSWER>>>Colon An APRN is consulting with a teen patient who has recently learned that she is pregnant. The APRN knows th at a certain medication taken by the patient can contribute to the development of congenital malformations in the fetus. The APRN reviews the patient's current medication list and finds one medication that is a concern. What medication is that? - ANSWER>>> Retinoic acid A newborn's screening for cystic fibrosis is positive. An APRN is reviewing screening results and taking a comprehensive genetic screening of the parents. The APRN asks the parents questions to help determine the transmission of this disease . What question would the APRN ask? - ANSWER>>>"Are you both the genetic donor parents?" A 30-day-old infant presents to the ER with decreased oral intake, decreased UOP, and a fever of 101.8. The infant is admitted for further evaluation with a workup to include a blood culture, a urine culture, a spinal tap, and a CXR. Which issue of innate immunity, as it relates to neonates, is of concern? - ANSWER>>>Relative deficiency of factor B Factor B is a part of the complement (enhances) system which is part o f the immune system Complement system increases ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to kill pathogens and promotes inflammation A 12-year-old African American patient presents with unilateral eye swelling and lower lip swelling. The patient's pare nts reports that the swelling is spontaneous and resolves over several days. The patient does not have complaints of fever, hives, or vomiting. Serum lab results show hyperactivation of three plasma protein systems. The APRN suspects hereditary angioedema. What is the cause of the genetic defect suspected in this situation? - ANSWER>>>C1 esterase inhibitor The parent of a child dx with Down Syndrome expresses concerns about the child's recurrent respiratory tract infections to an APRN. The infections have occurred regularly since birth. What should the APRN tell the parent is the underlying cause of this illness? - ANSWER>>>Gastroesophageal reflux disease causes aspiration of thin fluids A 36-year-old patient is being seen by an APRN in a primary clinic fo r the first time. The patient reports feeling depressed due to a major life change. Additional symptoms include weight gain, sedentary activity, and insomnia. The APRN plans on providing the patient with several exercises to reduce the physiological effect s of stress. Why is the APRN concerned about relieving this emotional response? - ANSWER>>>It decreases glucose uptake An 80 -year-old pt brings her grandchildren with her to a routine medical appointment. The pt has moderate COPD and is concerned about developing PNA because of its increased incidence at the senior center. What should the NP recommend for this patient? - ANSWER>>>Getting an annual influenza vaccine
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