Biochemistry , 7th Edition Reginald H. Garrett University of Virginia Charles M. Grisham University of V irginia Instructor Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book included in document. Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1 - The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena Chapter 2 - Water: T he Medium of Life Chapter 3 - Thermodynamics of Biological Systems Chapter 4 - Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond Chapter 5 - Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions Chapter 6 - Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure Chapter 7 - Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces Chapter 8 - Lipids Chapter 9 - Membranes and Membrane Transport Chapter 10 - Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Chapter 11 - Structure of Nucleic Acids Chapter 12 - Recombinant DNA: Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology Chapter 13 - Enzymes —Kinetics and Specificity Chapter 14 - Mechanisms of Enzyme Action Chapter 15 - Enzyme Regulation Chapter 16 - Molecular Motors Chapter 17 - Metabolism: An Over view Chapter 18 - Glycolysis Chapter 19 - The Tricarboxylic Acid C ycle Chapter 20 - Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Chapter 21 - Photosynthesis Chapter 22 - Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pat hway Chapter 23 - Fatty Acid Catabolism Chapter 24 - Lipid Biosynthesis Chapter 25 - Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism Chapter 26 - Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides Chapter 27 - Metabolic Integration and Organ Specializat ion Chapter 28 - DNA Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair Chapter 29 - Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter 30 - Protein Synthesis Chapter 31 - Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation Chapter 32 - The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information Glossary Garrett & Grisham 1-1 Chapter 1 The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena •
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Chapter Outline •P
roperties of living systems
•Highly organized - Cells > organelles > macromolecular complexes >
macromolecules (pr oteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides)
•Structure/function correlation: Biological structures serve functional purposes
•Energy transduction: ATP and NADPH –energized molecules
•Steady state maintained by energy flow: Steady state not equilibrium
•Self-replication with high, yet not perfect, fidelity
•Biomolecules
•Elements: Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen (lightest elements of the periodictable capable of forming a variety of strong covalent bonds)
•Carbon -4 bonds, nitrogen -3 bonds, oxygen –2 bonds, hydrogen -1 bond
•Compounds: Carbon-based compounds –versatile
•Phosphorus- and sulfur-containing compounds play important roles
•Biomolecular hierarchy
•Simple compounds: H 2O, CO 2, NH 4+, NO 3–, N2
•Metabolites: Used to synthesize building block molecules
•Building blocks: Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol
•Macromolecules: Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids
•Supramolecular complexes: Ribosomes, chromosomes, cytoskeleton
•Membranes: Lipid bilayers with membrane proteins
•Define boundaries of cells and organelles
•Hydrophobic interactions maintain structures
•Organelles: Mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum Golgi, etc.
•Cells: Fundamental units of life
•Living state: Growth, metabolism, stimulus response and replication
•Properties of biomolecules
•Directionality or structural polarity
•Proteins: N -terminus and C- terminus
•Nucleic acids: 5’- and 3’- ends
•Polysaccharides: Reducing and nonreducing ends
