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Human Growth & Development exam 2023 with verified correct answers
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Human Growth & Development exam2023 with verified correct answers
What is Development? - answer defined as systematic changes and continuities in the individual
that occur between conception and death
What are the three broad areas of development? - answer physical development
cognitive development
psychosocial development
What is physical development? - answer involves development of the body's physical makeup
What is social development? - answer development in which individuals interactions and
relationships change and remain stable over time
What is cognitive development? - answer development that involves the way growth and
change in intellectual capabilities influences a person's behavior
What are the four categories of theories of how humans grow and develop? - answer learning
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
What do theories are included in the learning category? - answer behavioral theories
social learning theories
information-processing theories
Human growth and development changes can be viewed as either...
,(hint: three different versus types) - answer 1. qualitative or quantitative
2. continuous or discontinuous
3. mechanistic or organismic
What are qualitative changes in development? - answer change in structure or organization
focus on changes in thinking, behaving, and perceiving the world
ex. sexual development
What are quantitative changes in development? - answer change in number, degree, or
frequency
changes in age, height, weight
ex. intellectual development-acquire more knowledge
What are continuous changes in development? - answer changes are sequential and cannot be
separated easily
gradual development, quantitative in nature
ex. personality development
What are discontinuous changes in development? - answer certain changes in abilities or
behaviors can be separated from others which argues for stages of development
occurs in distinct steps; qualitative
ex. language development
What are mechanistic changes in development? - answer this is the reduction of all behavior to
common elements
ex. instinctual, reflexive behavior
What are organismic changes in development? - answer because of new stages there is change
or discontinuity; more than stimulus-response
, organism and cognition is used
ex. moral and ethical development
What is self-concept? - answer as your perception of your qualities, attributes, and traits
What are the four steps in self-concept development? - answer 1. Birth: no sense of self
2. 24 months: identify age, gender, and differences with others
3. Preschool age: concrete & physical; describe inner qualities
4. Adolescence: abstract & psychological
What influences the development of attributes and traits in self concept development? - answer
cultural and family factors
What is nature vs. nurture? - answer Nature: includes genetic and hereditary factors
Nurture: includes learning and environmental factors
What is genotype vs. phenotype? - answer Genotype: the genetic inherited makeup of the
individual
Phenotype: the expression of the genotype through physical and behavioral characteristics
What is tabula rasa? - answer John Locke's view that children begin as a blank slate acquiring
their characteristics through experience
What is plasticity? - answer the ability to adapt and change easily in life stages; easy and smooth
transitions
What is resiliency? - answer the ability to adapt effectively despite the experience of adverse
circumstances
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