Class notes
Class notes NURNUR236/236 Acute care Nursing II (NUR236)
- Institution
- Ecpi College Of Technology
HTN/PVD PATHO, ETIOLOGY, AND TREATMENT
[Show more]
Seller
FollowContent preview
1.Explain the pathophysiology of hypertension.Hypertension is a chronic elevation of blood pressure. BP is the
amount of pressure being exerted against the vessel walls. Blood
pressure increases with the effort to force the blood through
smaller openings d/t vasoconstriction or atherosclerosis, increase
in volume or viscosity.
Systolic is greater than 130 and diastolic is greater than 80.
S/S: CNS: Visual changes, dizziness,
tinnitus, headache.
HEART: Increased HR, flushed
face.
RESP: Chest pain.
MISC.: Epistaxis.
H: Headaches
E: Epistaxis
A: Asymptomatic
R: really bad headache
T: Tinnitus
2.Identify and discuss the complications that can occur as a
consequence of hypertension.
Arteriosclerosis – hardening/narrowing of the arteries d/t
cholesterol deposit.
Blood clots – embolisms obstruct blood flow.
Pulmonary HTN – d/t fluid back-up in the lungs cause by heart
failure.
Stroke – cerebral hemorrhage d/t ruptured blood vessel
Kidney Disease d/t hypertension
Vascular disease – damage of blood vessels and weakened artery
walls, causing aneurysms.
Glaucoma
3.Briefly describe the treatment program for the different stages
of hypertension.
Prehypertension: 120-139/80-90 mmhg Treatment: modify diet, increase exercise, lose weight,
stop smoking. Lifestyle change.
Stage1: 140-159/ 90-99 mmhg
Treatment: Lifestyle change + antihypertensives +
diuretics Stage 2: > 160/99 mmhg: Lifestyle change + antihypertensives
+ diuretics
Primary HTN: aging, family hx, African American race, obesity,
smoking, stress, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, excess salt intake, low
potassium intake.
Secondary HTN: caused by CVD, Renal disease, endocrine
disorders, pregnancy, meds (glucocorticoids, estrogens)
4. Contrast the pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis with that of
atherosclerosis .
Arteriosclerosis: Hardening/thickening of arteries due to calcium
deposits leading to ischemia and necrosis. Atherosclerosis: narrowing of arteries d/t fat deposits that form
plaques (clotting).
5.List four factors that contribute to peripheral vascular disease .
PVD: narrowing/obstruction of peripheral blood vessels and loss
of function.
Spasm of smooth muscles in artery walls (Raynaud’s
disease)
aneurysms trauma blood clotting
defective valvular function
thrombophlebitis
6.Explain the signs, symptoms, and treatment of aneurysm.
Aneurysm: Outpouching of the wall of the artery that occurs in a
weakened area of the blood vessel d/t plaque formation,
genetics, HTN, trauma, surgical procedures. (Blood clot),
breaks away (embolus). Aortic Aneurysm occur below the
diaphragm (abdominal) or ascending aorta in the chest
(thoracic). 65 percent of pt’s with ruptured AAA die
before reaching the hospital.
Risk Factors: smoking, HTN, men, heart disease
S/S: Asymptomatic
AAA (back pain, pressure, visible pulsation of the
abdomen
Thoracic: substernal/trachea pressure, dyspnea
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller nycholelisa. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77824 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now