AQA GCSE Biology Module 2 Organisation - summative mind-map
This document serves as a multipurpose tool to aid your GCSE revision, made by a Grade 9 student. It contains elaborate details of the module, including key learning points from the AQA specification and a profile of all RPAs from this ...
⑪
waxy cuticle prevents water loss More thermal energy transferred to water allowing it to evaporate quicker
:
↳
upper epidermis transparent
to allow
light to pass 2) increased light intensity increases rate
:
↳ Causes stomata to open
palisade cells main site of photosynthesis
:
3) faster air movement -> increases rate
↳ ORGAN air spaces allow gases to diffuse
spongy cells :
↳ Will blow away water vapour + distributes humidity in the air
allowing more to diffuse out
-group of tissues
t
guard cells sensitive to light-water open/close
:
increase in humidity -> decreases rate
;
4)
stomata
w/ shared function ↳ As the air will contain more water vapour, the concentration gradient
ribosomes synthesis protein ADAONSOROOTHAIRCELLS for diffusion is lower, making water unlikely transpire
-
energy
⑱
& -transport
releases 2 CIRC
⑰
Soractive lotsy stores water + minerals
5
vacuole
I
--- :
S *.
mitochondria
: M #
- + keeps cell turgid
S
·
.
↳
nucleus
- -
-
X
L
w
-
&
long finger-like projection
croot hair)
is
/
↳ increases S/A to absorb
w
water minerals from soil
acis
fatty
teeth (chec
a ⑲
+
mouth breakdown
Al ↳ mechanical
~
SCH
-M
-S -M
THEI a ↳ increases/A of bolus
secrete saliva
starch)
e
+
↳ ORGAN SYSTEM EW ↳ amylase (digest
If
D ~
↳
S
group of cegans working
-
oesophagus
together to carry out a
D
as
->
↳ peristalsis
bodily function
AC (p# 1/2)
carb
adach
Secretion ( STARCH
proteins digested
+
+
Use qualitative reagents to test for a range of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
METHODS :
① Benedict's test for simple sugars :
• Add 2cm- of liquid food sample to a test tube
•8
•
•·
i Add 1cm of Benedict’s reagent to the test tube
Place the tube in an 80 C water bath
·
Check for positive result = blue brick-red (simple sugars present).
-
② lodine test for starch :
• Add few drops of iodine to either a dry or liquid food sample
⑱
• Check for positive result = orange-blue/black (starch present)
·
③ Biurettest for proteins :
• Add a few drops of Biuret reagent to liquid food sample
⑧
• Check for positive result = blue lilac (protein present)
->
④
⑧
Emulsion test for Lipids :
• To a liquid food sample, add a few drops of water then a few drops of ethanol
•⑧ " Secure test tube with a bung and shake the tube.
•P 3) Check for positive result = cloudy layer (lipids present)
HAZARDS/RISKS :
Iodine can stain surfaces
i Biuret reagent is an irritant
Ethanol is highly flammable
water bath will be hot
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