Test Bank for Anatomy & Physiology: An
Integrative Approach, 4th Edition,
Michael McKinley, Valerie O’Loughlin,
, Chapter 01
The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology
Multiple choice:
1) If a scientist forms and tests a hypothesis, but gets unexpected results, what is a logical
next step? Check all that apply.
A) Accept the original hypothesis
B) Reject the original hypothesis
C) Revise the original hypothesis
D) Design a new experiment based on a new or modified hypothesis.
2) Some researchers think pheromones are important tools in human communication.
Pheromones are chemical signals that one individual sends to another. What research questions
might be asked by anatomists, and what questions might be asked by physiologists, to determine
if pheromones are important to humans?
3) Iron atoms help our blood transport oxygen. Describe each level of anatomical structural
complexity for an iron atom in your blood, working from the simplest level (atom) to the most
complex (organism).
,4) If someone speaks too loudly into a microphone, a public address system will sometimes
produce a loud whistle of amplified feedback. Explain whether this is an example of negative or
positive feedback, and explain how the microphone, control box,and speaker of the system serve
as the different components of a feedback loop.
5) The discipline known as anatomy examines similarities and differences
across species.
6) The discipline that studies the functions of the nervous system, including the way that
impulses are conducted, is known as .
7) The discipline that associates changes in organ system function with disease or injury is
known as .
8) The group of metabolic reactions in which smaller molecules are combined to form larger
ones is .
9) Specialized subunits of cells that are made of macromolecules are called _ .
, 10) The organ system that transports andfilters interstitial fluid while also participating in
immune responses is the system.
11) The pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands are typically grouped within the
system.
12) The appendix is in the right iliac region, and is therefore located in the
quadrant.
13) The level of organization one step more complex than the organ level is the level.
14) The state of equilibrium, or fairly constant interval environment, in the body is called
.
15) The reproductive system produces oocytes.
16) The antecubital region is to the brachial region.
,
,17) The muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the
thoracic .
18) The hypogastric region is located to the right iliac region.
19) Sensory nerves that detect changes in a variable that is being regulated comprise the
of the control mechanism.
20) In a homeostatic control mechanism, the receptor detects changes in the environment and
relays that information to the .
21) The reinforcement of a stimulus so that a climax is reached is known as .
22) The word "anatomy" comes from
A) Latin and means "to be born."
B) Hebrew and means "shape."
C) Greek and means "to cut apart."
D) German and means "body."
E) Italian and means "form."
23) A scientist who describes the layers of the heart wall and their relationship to the
surrounding pericardium would be a(n)
, A) anatomist.
B) physiologist.
C) pathologist.
D) pulmonologist.
24) anatomy examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body
structures as they relate to the skin covering them.
A) Regional
B) Surface
C) Radiographic
D) Surgical
E) Systemic
25) Which branch of microscopic anatomy is the study of tissues?
A) Histology
B) Cytology
C) Embryology
D) Developmental anatomy
E) Surgical anatomy
26) Gross anatomy refers to the study of
A) cells.
B) structures formedby cells.
C) structures notvisible to the unaided eye.
D) structures visibleto the unaided eye.
E) nasalsecretions.
,27) The anatomic changes that result from disease are studied under
A) pathologicanatomy.
B) systemicanatomy.
C) histology.
D) surgicalanatomy.
E) developmentalanatomy.
28) The two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are
A) embryology andparasitology.
B) cytology andhistology.
C) comparativeanatomy and pathological anatomy.
D) neurobiology andsurface anatomy.
29) When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a
unit(for example,all the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the leg), that approach is called
A) surfaceanatomy.
B) comparativeanatomy.
C) poplitealphysiology.
D) regionalanatomy.
E) systemicanatomy.
30) The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is
A) anatomy.
B) physiology.
,31) Which is a physiological description rather than an anatomical one?
A) The muscles of theintestinal wall contract slowly and involuntarily.
B) The walls of bloodcapillaries are composed of a thin epithelium.
C) The muscles of thethigh are composed of skeletal muscle tissue.
D) There arefenestrations (openings) in the epithelial cells of capillary walls.
E) The esophageal wallincludes a middle layer of dense irregular connective tissue.
32) Respiratory physiology is primarilythe study of
A) cell shape withinthe alveoli of the lungs.
B) the branchingpattern of the small airways of the lungs.
C) the tissuecomposition of the airways, air sacs, and blood vessels.
D) how gases aretransferred between the lungs and the blood vessels supplying them.
33) The large surface area of the inside of the small intestine means that this structure is
A) well adapted forits physiological role in absorption.
B) derived from anembryological structure that served a different function.
C) anatomicallycomplex but physiologically simple.
D) maladaptive inthat it harbors bacteria.
34) The mechanism by whichthe body propels food through the digestive tract is primarily a
topic of study for
A) anatomists.
B) physiologists.
, 35) The term that refers to the ability of organisms to react to changes in the environment is
A) responsiveness.
B) reproduction.
C) metabolism.
D) development.
E) organization.
36) The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called
A) reproduction.
B) homeostasis.
C) metabolism.
D) responsiveness.
E) development.
37) The category of reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones is
known as
A) anabolism.
B) catabolism.
C) synthesis.
D) homeostasis.
E) enzymatic.
38) The smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of living things is
