PMA 1 Review 2023
15th Amendment
1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude. (VOTE) The black codes were created to stop this amendment. Examples used were poll taxes, literacy tests and grandfather clauses.
Jim Crow Laws
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PMA 1 Review 2023
15th Amendment
1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or
previous condition of servitude. (VOTE) The black codes were created to stop this
amendment. Examples used were poll taxes, literacy tests and grandfather clauses.
Jim Crow Laws
Segregation laws enacted in the South after Reconstruction. Tried to get around
(circumvent) the 14th and 15th amendments.
Black Codes
Laws that restricted African Americans' rights and opportunities. Created to limit the
rights of newly freed slaves (freedmen).
Radical Republicans
Political party found in the North, that favored harsh punishment (or less
lenient/forgiving) of Southern states after civil war and to help the African Americans as
much as possible.
sharecropping
System in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter's land in return for a share of the
crop. Tied former slaves to the land for generations to come.
Anaconda Plan
Northern Civil War strategy to starve the South by blockading seaports and all supply
lines and controlling the Mississippi River.
Dawes Act
Divided reservation land into private family plots. Focused on the distribution of land.
Haymarket Riot
1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence. Decreased
memberships in unions.
Railroads
Assisted in the industrialization of the north especially.
Farmer's Alliance
Local organizations linked together fighting for lower freight rates and regulation of
interest rates started in Texas. Created in response to the railroad companies
mistreating the farmers.
Homestead Strike
Was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892, culminating in one
of the most serious disputes in U.S. labor history. Fighting over benefits of the steel
workers. Decreased memberships in unions.
Pullman Strike of 1894
Nationwide railroad strike. It pitted the Railway Union against the Pullman Company. It
shutdown much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic in the west. Decreased
memberships in unions. Federal government used the military to stop the shutdown.
Collective bargaining
Workers would unite as they tried to earn better working conditions. Entrepreneurs were
usually guilty of making more money at the expense of their work force.
The Granger Movement
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