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Inc4803 Exam Preparation 2023(Oct_Nov2020_2021)
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diaSeptember/October 2021
QUESTION 1
1.1 Bandura's social learning theory mentions that from the initial stage, a child learns by observing
the behavior of the people around him/her and everybody is making concerted efforts to adopt the
same behavior. In school, the learner learns from his/her peer group – thus, social learning. Learning
according to Bandura must be reciprocal.
There are different devices that learners use in schools. Mention two devices that are most suitable
to your learners' unique needs in an inclusive classroom and explain how they use them to acquire
learning. (10)
Audiobooks and publications allow students to hear the written word. An extremely generous
number of books, newspapers, magazines, and the like are available from many sources including,
but not limited to, Book share, Amazon Kindle, iBook for Apple devices, EBSCOhost, Learning Ally,
and the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.
Audiobooks should not take the place of a student's need to read print, or braille, because these are
life skills. However, audiobooks are a tremendous aid to students with visual impairments and should
be used to give them the same enriching opportunities as other students. Audio playback devices
include Victor Reader Stream, Milestone 312, Kindle, iOS Apple devices, Android devices, MP3
players, CD players, laptops, and computers. Some of these devices also allow for taking notes and
changing text display while reading.
Screen readers and text-to-speech devices change the written word to audio. These range from
software programs that work with speech synthesizers to read what is on a screen to handheld
scanning devices that the student places over text to hear it verbalized.
Tactile Tools for students with visual impairments benefit greatly from learning touch typing, allowing
them to use a regular keyboard for navigating a computer or laptop with the aid of screen
enlargement or a screen reader. Tactile keyboards are also available for learning keystrokes, or for
everyday use. Particularly helpful learn-to-type programs are Talking Typer for Windows and Learn
Keys: Verbal Keyboard Feedback. These programs speak and display keystrokes as they are typed.
Students might also find portable note takers helpful. Carry-along note takers use either braille or
Qwerty keyboards and are generally the size of a book for easy transport. Students can use portable
note takers to read books in braille, write class assignments, and record lectures. Some helpful
devices are BrailleNote, PAC Mate Omni, and Braille Plus 18.
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