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USMLE Step 1 questions with complete solutions

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  • September 21, 2023
  • 141
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • laryngeal muscle
  • USMLE
  • USMLE
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CynnExams
USMLE Step 1 questions with complete solutions


What gland is found in the muscular triangle of the neck? - ANSWER Thyroid gland

Is an afferent or efferent pupillary defect described as B/L pupillary constriction when
light is shined in the unaffected eye and B/L paradoxical dilation when light is shined in
the affected eye? - ANSWER Afferent pupillary defect (CN II lesion); in an efferent
pupillary defect (CN III), B/L constrict when light is shined in the unaffected eye and
consentual pupil constriction occurs when light is shined in the affected eye.

What is the name of the spinal cord passing within the subarachnoid space and forming
the spinal nerves that exit the lumbar and sacral foramina? - ANSWER Cauda equina

Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Pulls the arytenoids cartilages
closer to the thyroid, relaxing the vocal ligaments and thereby decreasing the pitch -
ANSWER Thyroarytenoid muscles

Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Tenses the vocal ligaments,
increasing the distance between the cartilages, thereby increasing the pitch - ANSWER
Cricothyroid muscles

Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Adducts the vocal ligaments,
closes the air passageway during swallowing, and allows phonation - ANSWER Lateral
cricoarytenoid muscles

Name the laryngeal muscle described by the following: • Only muscle to abduct the
vocal cords - ANSWER Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Where does the parotid (Stensen's) duct enter the oral cavity? - ANSWER Opposite the
second upper molar tooth

From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Common and internal
carotid arteries - ANSWER Third aortic arch MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic
arch derivatives

From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Degenerates - ANSWER
Fifth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives

From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Stapes artery - ANSWER
Second MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives

From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Maxillary artery - ANSWER
First MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch derivatives

,From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Arch of the aorta and right
subclavian artery - ANSWER Fourth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the aortic arch
derivatives

From what aortic arch are the following structures derived? • Right and left pulmonary
arteries and the ductus arteriosus - ANSWER Sixth MS CARD is my mnemonic for the
aortic arch derivatives

What abdominal muscle contributes to the anterior layer of the rectus sheath, forms the
inguinal ligament, and in men gives rise to the external spermatic fascia of the
spermatic cord? - ANSWER External abdominal oblique

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Adduct the thigh and flex the hip - ANSWER Medial compartment of the thigh, obturator
nerve

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Plantar flex the foot, flex the toes, and invert the foot - ANSWER Posterior compartment
of the leg, tibial nerve

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Dorsiflex the foot, extend the toes, and invert the foot - ANSWER Anterior compartment
of the leg, deep peroneal nerve

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Flex the hip and extend the knee - ANSWER Anterior compartment of the thigh, femoral
nerve

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Extend the hip and flex the knee - ANSWER Posterior compartment of the thigh, tibial
nerve

Name the compartment of the lower extremity and the nerve based on its movements. •
Plantar flex the foot and evert the foot - ANSWER Lateral compartment of the leg,
superficial peroneal nerve

What are the five branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus? - ANSWER
STARS 1. Upper Subscapularis 2. Thoracodorsal 3. Axillary 4. Radial 5. Lower
Subscapularis

Name the correct artery. • The right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes around it. -
ANSWER Right brachiocephalic artery

Name the correct artery. • The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes around it. -
ANSWER Arch of the aorta

,The inferior mesenteric artery drains into it. - ANSWER The splenic vein

Are the quadrate and caudate lobes of the liver functionally part of the left or right lobe?
- ANSWER Functionally they are part of the left lobe of the liver because they receive
their blood supply from the left hepatic artery. Anatomically they are considered part of
the right lobe of the liver.

What bones make up the acetabulum? - ANSWER Pubis, ilium, and ischium

What is the anatomic positioning of the right and left gastric nerve plexus of the
esophagus as they pass through the diaphragm? - ANSWER LARP: Left goes Anterior
and Right goes Posterior (because of the rotation of the gut; remember your
embryology!)

What vessel is lacerated in an epidural hematoma? - ANSWER Middle meningeal artery

True or false? Below the arcuate line, all the aponeurotic fibers run anterior to the rectus
abdominis. - ANSWER TRUE

What ocular muscle • Adducts the eyeball and is involved in horizontal conjugate gaze?
- ANSWER Medial rectus (CN III) (LR6 SO4)3

What ocular muscle • Elevates and adducts the eyeball? - ANSWER Superior rectus
(CN III) (LR6 SO4)3

What ocular muscle • Depresses and abducts the eyeball? - ANSWER Superior Oblique
(CN IV) (LR6 SO4)3

What ocular muscle • Elevates and abducts the eyeball? - ANSWER Inferior Oblique
(CN III) (LR6 SO4)3

What ocular muscle • Abducts the eyeball and is involved in horizontal conjugate gaze?
- ANSWER Lateral rectus (CN VI) (LR6 SO4)3

What ocular muscle • Depresses and adducts the eyeball? - ANSWER Inferior rectus
(CN III) (LR6 SO4)3

Which muscles of the eye are under parasympathetic control? - ANSWER Constrictor
pupillae and ciliary muscles

Which direction does the uvula deviate in a left vagus nerve lesion? - ANSWER A left
CN X lesion results in the uvula deviating to the right. (Uvula points away from the
affected side.)

Is a subdural hematoma an arterial or venous bleed? - ANSWER Subdural hematoma is
a rupture of the cerebral veins where they enter the superior sagittal sinus.

, Which CNs are found in the midline of the brainstem? - ANSWER CN I, II, III, VI, and XII
Add 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12

What muscles insert in or on the intertubercular groove of the humerus? - ANSWER
"Lady between two Majors": latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and teres major

What nerve supplies taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue? -
ANSWER Chorda tympani of CN VII

What part of the heart forms • The right border? - ANSWER Right atrium

What part of the heart forms • Left border? - ANSWER Left ventricle and auricle of left
atrium

What part of the heart forms • Apex? - ANSWER Tip of the left ventricle

What part of the heart forms • Base? - ANSWER Left atrium and tip of the right atrium

What part of the heart forms • Superior border? - ANSWER Conus arteriosus of the right
ventricle and right and left auricles

What part of the heart forms • Anterior wall? - ANSWER Right ventricle

What part of the heart forms • Posterior wall? - ANSWER Left atrium

What part of the heart forms • Diaphragmatic wall? - ANSWER Left ventricle and tip of
right ventricle

What nerves carry the sensory and motor components of the blink reflex? - ANSWER
CN V1 carries the sensory and CN VII carries the motor component of the blink reflex.

What muscle keeps the stapes taut against the oval window? - ANSWER Stapedius
muscle

Name the components of the femoral canal, working laterally to medially. - ANSWER
NAVEL: Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, and Lymphatics/Lacunar ligament

What muscle is most superior in the orbit? - ANSWER Levator palpebrae superioris

What portion of the pericardium adheres to the tunica adventitia of the great vessels? -
ANSWER Fibrous pericardium

What two veins form the portal vein? - ANSWER The superior mesenteric vein and the
splenic vein (after it receives the inferior mesenteric vein) join to form the portal vein.

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