LPC Abdominal Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Bi-manual palpation - Answer -The technique of using both hands placed on top of each other Hypoactive bowels - Answer -Quiet, slow, sluggish - associated with an acute abdomen or constipation Active bowels - Answer -Usually clicks and gurgles occurring frequently. Describe as "active" NOT "normal". Active is 5 -35 times per minute. Hyperactive bowels - Answer -Loud prolonged gurgles. Normally associated with hunger. Increased bowel sounds may occur with gastroenteritis or early obstruction. Absent Bowel sounds - Answer -Established only after 5 minutes of continuous listening in each quadrant. Vascular bowel sounds - Answer -A bruit is a harsh, blowing sound heard with auscultation that results from turbulent flow of blood through an artery. Refer to MO immediately Flat - Answer -Common in a thin patient with good muscle tone Scaphoid - Answer -a condition in which the anterior abdominal wall is sunken and presents a concave rather than a convex contour. Distention or bulging - Answer -Caused by air, fluid, or tissue. Can be normal in pregnancy or obesity, abnormal with infection or internal bleeding. What may occur from a hernia, tumor, cysts, bowel obstruction - Answer -Asymmetrical distention or protrusion Guarding - Answer -the patient may attempt to block examiner from painful area. Rebound tenderness - Answer -During deep palpation of the abdoment that results in pain upon release Dyspepsia - Answer -Indigestion or upset stomach. Applies to the muscular organds of the GI tract - esophagus, stomach, small intestine, gallbladder, and colon. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) - Answer -Liver, Gallbladder, Part of colon (hepatic flexture and part of the transverse colon), small intestine, abdominal aorta, right kidney (retroperitoneal), right renal artery Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) - Answer -Stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas (retroperitoneal), part of the colon (splenic flexure and portion of the transverse colon), small intestine, Abdominal aorta, left kidney (retroperitoneal), left renal artery Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - Answer -Part of colon (ascending colon including cecum), appendix, small intestine, part of the bladder and uterus; right fallopian tube, right ovary, right iliac artery Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - Answer -Small intestine, part of colon, left iliac artery, part of the bladder and uterus, left fallopian tube, left ovary. Liver - Answer -Stores 10% of the total blood volume. Metabolizes carbohydrates (sugars), fat, and protein. Stores vitamins and iron. Forms various blood clotting factors. Detoxifies/excretes and metabolizes many different drugs. Forms bile which breaks down fat for digestion and serves as a means for excreting certian waste products from the blood. Gallbladder - Answer -Stores bile formed by the liver. Empties bile into first part of small intestine (duodenum) when there is high fat content in a meal. If stones form in gallbladder they may obstruct the drainage system (bile duct) to the small intestin e. Pancreas - Answer -Produces and secreates digestive jucies into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) via the pancreatic duct. Produces and secretes hormones (insulin and glocagon) into the blood that will regulate the blood glucose levels Insulin - Answer -Promotes glucose entry into most cells of the body, decreasing blood glucose levels in the blood Glucagon - Answer -Increases the release of glucose from the liver into the circulating body fluids, increasing blood glucose levels in the blood Small intestine - Answer -Absorption of carbohydrates (sugars) proteins and fats. Absorptions of ions (sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, iron, potassium). Absorption of water (most water is absorbed in large intestine).
