Exposition portion of a story that introduces important background information to the
audience; for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot,
characters' back stories, etc.
Hyperbole A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The li...
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Exposition ✔✔portion of a story that introduces important background information to the
audience; for example, information about the setting, events occurring before the main plot,
characters' back stories, etc.
Hyperbole ✔✔A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. (The literal
Greek meaning is "overshoot.")
Irony/ironic ✔✔The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the
difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.
Metaphor ✔✔A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the
substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Metaphorical language makes
writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful.
Mood ✔✔The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. Setting, tone, and events can
affect this.
,Personification ✔✔A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts,
animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions. it is used to
make these abstractions, animals, or objects appear more vivid to the reader.
Symbol/symbolism ✔✔Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else.
Usually a symbol is something concrete -- such as an object, action, character, or scene - that
represents something more abstract.
Theme ✔✔The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life.
Tone ✔✔describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. it is easier to
determine in spoken language than in written language.
Foreshadowing ✔✔A literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come
later in the story.
Situational Irony ✔✔when events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the
characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen
,Dramatic Irony ✔✔when facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction
but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work.
Verbal irony ✔✔a statement in which the meaning that a speaker employs is sharply different
from the meaning that is ostensibly expressed.
setting ✔✔the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.
climax ✔✔the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; a culmination or apex.
rising action ✔✔a series of related incidents build toward the point of greatest interest.
external conflict ✔✔A struggle between a character and an outside force
resolution ✔✔the action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter.
third person limited ✔✔the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character. All
characters are described using pronouns such as 'they', 'he', and 'she.'
, first person POV ✔✔a point of view (who is telling a story) where the story is narrated by one
character at a time.
internal conflict ✔✔psychological struggle within the mind of a literary or dramatic character
third person omnisient ✔✔the narrator knows all the thoughts and feelings of all the characters
in the story.
allusion ✔✔reference to, mention of, suggestion of, hint to, intimation of, comment on, remark
on
Allegory ✔✔Allegory is a narrative that serves as an extended metaphor. Allegories are written
in the form of fables, parables, poems, stories, and almost any other style or genre. The main
purpose of an allegory is to tell a story that has characters, a setting, as well as other types of
symbols, which have both literal and figurative meanings.
Alliteration ✔✔Alliteration is the repetition of a consonant sound at the beginning of two or
more words in close succession. For example: Cloudless climes.
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