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0460 Geography Notes IGCSE Study Guide
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This document includes notes to summarize all three themes of the IGCSE Geography syallabus
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I1.1. Population Dynamics inayear Main Causes of Population changes ...
per thousand people.
...
E Births
inth
Fertility rates
Reasons to the worlds
why Death rate
population is
increasing number of people Ration medicalseries
so
rapidly. dying
thousand
in a
year per
Natural Population Change
↳ people.
Fertility rates
Increased net migration only.
↳ Increase in of
Births Death) - natural causes
-
out
longevity Icountry acountry
↳ International
migration
immigrants emigrants
-
total Population
Births -
Death) (immigrants Emigrants)
+ -
I
=
wease
litt
OVER POPULATION UNDERPOPULATION POPULATION POLICIES
-I
too
I
many people in too
7
few people in
measures taken by governmentto
an area for the
an area to use the influence the
way its population
amount of
available resources
efficiently. is
changing.
E
resources
too little
·
people for the
Housing shortage
.
of available
· amount
jobs
.
overcrowding ·
slow economy ANFI-NATALIST
·
strain on medical services ·
wasted resources
High unemployment Low taxes
being payed. policies that
discourage
· ·
PROS CONS PROS CONS people from having children
· more scope water/food Low pollution limited number of
to control over
population
the birth
·
for unique? increase
Shortages. alot of job people for labour
EG:
innovative ·
rate
ideas. More wastel
rubbish creation.
oppurtunities a
slow/limited economy fertility -> China's one child policy
low strain (1980 2016)
ways this
·
human on
-
·
high waste of
Capital.
·
congestion services and IG: S. social maintenance fee as
resources is
promoted: for Itkids.
pollution. resources France a punishment
scale
·
high expensive for goverment (1939)
· tax advantages
this is promoted:
·
demand for peacefull
economy. high Ways
·
services
to
pay for social
family friendly employ.
general
youwantthere
·
products and less congested due to low taxes. conditions.
ment contraceptives
low cost
productive
·
roads.
·
Services. better welfare for - free education for small families
workforces. women with It children.
·
easy access family planning clinics
to
IMPACTS OF:
case studies
ener
SOCIAL:
↳Education -
lack uneducated women leads
of
rate increase.
OVERPOPULATED.
to UNDER
POPULATED.
fertility
3 for
Early/child marriage
monetary reasons.
ECONOMIC:
E economic problems causing Parents to notable
more children
to
for child or
to provide
having
depend on for labour purposes.
HIV/AIDS: HIGH NATURAL RATE LOWPOPULATION GROWTH
POPULATIONGROWTH (POPULATIONDECLINE).
S human OF RATE
↳)
acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome
immunodeficiency -
no effective cure
syndrome -transmitted via
leads to AIDS when not
bodily fluids.
-
treated.
ENVIRONMENTAL:
3 pollution
causing decreased fertility rates
& in hazardous Areas
Living causing
birth defects or still births.
, *
GRATION.
-jin,
Reasons for population migration MIGRATION:
① better education
in fear of persecution. they ask for perms
country for
live in another and are waiting approval.
to
country
family
migrant:Person
who moves to live
economic
and work in a country for atleast
a
year.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Internal
migrant person who moves to
within the
Language? different place same
&reduce in un- Cultural
live or work in a
barriers
employment.
case study
discrimination -
3 When
migrants healthcare,
housing,
and school
return, they bring systems
new skills and
knowledge
DESTINATION
ORIGIN AND THE VENING
COUNTRY:
3 loss of
youth
↳economy
boost
E Discrimination
↳increased prevent
birth rates
E cultural clash
amore
qualified staff
PUSHFACTORS
features of unemployment
·PULLFACTORS
features of
new country that
origin country poor housing high education
a a
apoorwaterfood makemigrants
thatmake
them want Supply
madeheatthe
tmovedaset · Low paid jous Pull them there ·
speech
safe place
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