Chapter 1:
Digitization is the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video into data that can be processed by digital devices.
The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits (bits).
A digital file (or simply a file), is a named collect...
a group of eight bits is called a byte and is usua
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INSY 2303
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Chapter 1:
Digitization is the process of converting text, numbers, sound, photos, and video
into data that can be processed by digital devices.
The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits (bits).
A digital file (or simply a file), is a named collection of data that exits on a
storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive.
The word bit, an abbreviation for binary digit, can be further abbreviated as a lowercase b
A group of eight bits is called a byte and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B
Data compression refers to any technique that recodes the data in a file so that
it contains fewer bits
Sampling rate refers to the number of times per second that a sound is measured
during the recording process
Speech synthesis is the process by which machines produce sound that resembles
spoken words
Speech recognition (or voice recognition) refers to the ability of a machine to
understand spoken words
Speech recognition software analyzes the sounds of your voice and converts
each word into groups of phonemes (basic sound units)
The software then compares the groups to the words in a digital dictionary to
find a match
When a match is found, the software can display the word on the screen or use
it to carry out a command
A bitmap graphic is composed of a grid of tiny rectangular cells. Each cell is a picture
element, commonly called a pixel
High-resolution graphics contain more data than low-resolution graphics; more data
makes it possible to display and print high-quality images that are sharper and
clearer
Run-length encoding (RLE) is a type of lossless compression that replaces a series of
similarly colored pixels with a binary code that indicates the number of pixels and
their colors
A vector graphic consists of a set of instructions for creating a picture
A vector graphic consists of a set of instructions for creating a picture
Vector graphics are used for line art, logos, simple illustrations,
infographic elements, and diagrams
, 3-D Graphics are based on vectors stored as a set of instructions describing
the coordinates for lines and shapes in a three-dimensional space
Vectors form a wireframe that works like the framework for a tent
The process of covering the wireframe surface with color and texture is called
rendering
The technique for adding light and shadows to a 3-D image is called ray tracing
Digital video displays bitmap images in rapid succession
Each bitmap image is referred to as a frame
The number of frames that are displayed per second is the frame rate (fps)
Chapter 2:
The instructions that tell a digital device how to carry out processing tasks are referred
to as a computer program, or simply a program
Computers run three main types of software:
Application software
Word processors
Audio Apps
Spreadsheet Software
System software
Operating systems
CPU Monitoring
Device Drivers
Development tools
Programming Languages
Scripting Languages
Debugging Tools
Application Software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task
, The primary purpose of system software is to help the computer system monitor itself
in order to function efficiently (an example of system software is a computer operating
system or OS)
Development tools are used for creating software applications, Web sites,
operating systems, and utilities
Supercomputers: considered the fastest computers in the world at the time of
construction; can tackle complex tasks other computers cannot; typical use
includes breaking codes, modeling weather systems, and simulating nuclear
explosions
Mainframes: a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing
data for hundreds or thousands of users; looks like a closet sized cabinet; used to provide
centralized storage, processing and management for large amounts of data
Servers: “serves” data to computers in a network; Google search results are provided
by servers; about the size of a desk draw and mounted in racks of multiple servers
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions
Processors based on ARM technology dominate tablet computers and smartphones
ARM technology was originally designed by ARM Holdings, a British
technology company founded by Acorn Computers, Apple Inc., and
VLSI Technology
ARM processors are energy efficient – an important characteristic for battery
powered devices
ARM processors are found in iPads, iPhones, and Surface tablets
With serial processing, the processor must complete all steps in the instruction
cycle before it begins to execute the next instruction
Parallel processing executes more than one instruction at a time and works well
with today’s multicore microprocessors
RAM (random access memory) is a temporary holding area for data, application
program instructions, and the operating system
Magnetic storage technology is used for desktop and laptop hard disk drives, as well
as the storage devices used in enterprise computing installations and cloud services
Magnetic storage represents data by magnetizing microscopic particles on a
disk or tape surface
A hard disk drive contains one or more platters and their associated read-write
heads
A hard disk platter is a flat, rigid disk made of aluminum or glass and coated
with magnetic iron oxide particles
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