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Med Surg Test bank ( Red HESI Test bank Med-Surg and other resources) Questions and 100% Answered
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Med Surg Test bank ( Red HESI Test bank Med-Surg and other resources) Questions and 100% Answered The nurse assesses a patient with shortness of breath for evidence of long-standing hypoxemia by inspecting: A. Chest excursion B. Spinal curvatures C. The respiratory pattern D. The fingerna...

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  • September 13, 2023
  • 75
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Med Surg Test bank ( Red HESI Test
bank Med-Surg and other resources)
Questions and 100% Answered

The nurse assesses a patient with shortness of breath for evidence of long-standing hypoxemia by
inspecting:
A. Chest excursion
B. Spinal curvatures
C. The respiratory pattern
D. The fingernail and its base

D. The fingernail and its base Clubbing, a sign of long-standing hypoxemia, is evidenced by an increase in
the angle between the base of the nail and the fingernail to 180 degrees or more, usually accompanied
by an increase in the depth, bulk, and sponginess of the end of the finger.

2. The nurse is caring for a patient with COPD and pneumonia who has an order for arterial blood
gases to be drawn. Which of the following is the minimum length of time the nurse should plan to
hold pressure on the puncture site?
A. 2 minutes
B. 5 minutes
C. 10 minutes
D. 15 minutes

B. 5 minutes Following obtaining an arterial blood gas, the nurse should hold pressure on the puncture
site for 5 minutes by the clock to be sure that bleeding has stopped. An artery is an elastic vessel under
higher pressure than veins, and significant blood loss or hematoma formation could occur if the time is
insufficient.

3. The nurse notices clear nasal drainage in a patient newly admitted with facial trauma, including a
nasal fracture. The nurse should:
A. test the drainage for the presence of glucose.
B. suction the nose to maintain airway clearance.
C. document the findings and continue monitoring.
D. apply a drip pad and reassure the patient this is normal.

A. test the drainage for the presence of glucose. Clear nasal drainage suggests leakage of cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF). The drainage should be tested for the presence of glucose, which would indicate the
presence of CSF.

4. When caring for a patient who is 3 hours postoperative laryngectomy, the nurse's highest priority
assessment would be:
A. Airway patency

,B. Patient comfort
C. Incisional drainage
D. Blood pressure and heart rate

A. Airway patency Remember ABCs with prioritization. Airway patency is always the highest priority and
is essential for a patient undergoing surgery surrounding the upper respiratory system.

5. When initially teaching a patient the supraglottic swallow following a radical neck dissection, with
which of the following foods should the nurse begin?
A. Cola
B. Applesauce
C. French fries
D. White grape juice

A. ColaWhen learning the supraglottic swallow, it may be helpful to start with carbonated beverages
because the effervescence provides clues about the liquid's position. Thin, watery fluids should be
avoided because they are difficult to swallow and increase the risk of aspiration. Nonpourable pureed
foods, such as applesauce, would decrease the risk of aspiration, but carbonated beverages are the
better choice to start with.

6. The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. Upon assessment, the
nurse notes a temperature of 101.4° F, a productive cough with yellow sputum and a respiratory rate
of 20. Which of the following nursing diagnosis is most appropriate based upon this assessment? A.
Hyperthermia related to infectious illness
B. Ineffective thermoregulation related to chilling
C. Ineffective breathing pattern related to pneumonia
D. Ineffective airway clearance related to thick secretions

A. Hyperthermia related to infectious illness Because the patient has spiked a temperature and has a
diagnosis of pneumonia, the logical nursing diagnosis is hyperthermia related to infectious illness. There
is no evidence of a chill, and her breathing pattern is within normal limits at 20 breaths per minute.
There is no evidence of ineffective airway clearance from the information given because the patient is
expectorating sputum.

7. Which of the following physical assessment findings in a patient with pneumonia best supports the
nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance? A. Oxygen saturation of 85%
B. Respiratory rate of 28
C. Presence of greenish sputum
D. Basilar crackles

D. Basilar crackles The presence of adventitious breath sounds indicates that there is accumulation of
secretions in the lower airways. This would be consistent with a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway
clearance because the patient is retaining secretions.

8. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find during assessment of
a patient admitted with pneumococcal pneumonia? A. Hyperresonance on percussion
B. Fine crackles in all lobes on auscultation
C. Increased vocal fremitus on palpation D. Vesicular breath sounds in all lobes

,C. Increased vocal fremitus on palpation. A typical physical examination finding for a patient with
pneumonia is increased vocal fremitus on palpation. Other signs of pulmonary consolidation include
dullness to percussion, bronchial breath sounds, and crackles in the affected area.

9. Which of the following nursing interventions is of the highest priority in helping a patient
expectorate thick secretions related to pneumonia?
A. Humidify the oxygen as able
B. Increase fluid intake to 3L/day if tolerated.
C. Administer cough suppressant q4hr.
D. Teach patient to splint the affected area.

B. Increase fluid intake to 3L/day if tolerated. Although several interventions may help the patient
expectorate mucus, the highest priority should be on increasing fluid intake, which will liquefy the
secretions so that the patient can expectorate them more easily. Humidifying the oxygen is also helpful,
but is not the primary intervention. Teaching the patient to splint the affected area may also be helpful,
but does not liquefy the secretions so that they can be removed.

10. During discharge teaching for a 65-year-old patient with emphysema and pneumonia, which of the
following vaccines should the nurse recommend the patient receive?
A. S. aureus
B. H. influenzae
C. Pneumococcal
D. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

C. Pneumococcal The pneumococcal vaccine is important for patients with a history of heart or lung
disease, recovering from a severe illness, age 65 or over, or living in a long-term care facility.

11. The nurse evaluates that discharge teaching for a patient hospitalized with pneumonia has been
most effective when the patient states which of the following measures to prevent a relapse?
A. "I will increase my food intake to 2400 calories a day to keep my immune system well."
B. "I must use home oxygen therapy for 3 months and then will have a chest x-ray to reevaluate."
C. "I will seek immediate medical treatment for any upper respiratory infections."
D. "I should continue to do deep-breathing and coughing exercises for at least 6 weeks."

D. "I should continue to do deep-breathing and coughing exercises for at least 6 weeks." It is important
for the patient to continue with coughing and deep breathing exercises for 6 to 8 weeks until all of the
infection has cleared from the lungs. A patient should seek medical treatment for upper respiratory
infections that persist for more than 7 days. Increased fluid intake, not caloric intake, is required to
liquefy secretions. Home O2 is not a requirement unless the patient's oxygenation saturation is below
normal.

12. After admitting a patient to the medical unit with a diagnosis of pneumonia, the nurse will verify
that which of the following physician orders have been completed before administering a dose of
cefotetan (Cefotan) to the patient?
A. Serum laboratory studies ordered for AM
B. Pulmonary function evaluation

, C. Orthostatic blood pressures
D. Sputum culture and sensitivity

D. Sputum culture and sensitivityThe nurse should ensure that the sputum for culture and sensitivity
was sent to the laboratory before administering the cefotetan. It is important that the organisms are
correctly identified (by the culture) before their numbers are affected by the antibiotic; the test will also
determine whether the proper antibiotic has been ordered (sensitivity testing). Although antibiotic
administration should not be unduly delayed while waiting for the patient to expectorate sputum, all of
the other options will not be affected by the administration of antibiotics.

13. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate to enhance oxygenation in a
patient with unilateral malignant lung disease?
A. Positioning patient on right side.
B. Maintaining adequate fluid intake
C. Performing postural drainage every 4 hours
D. Positioning patient with "good lung down"

D. Positioning patient with "good lung down" Therapeutic positioning identifies the best position for the
patient assuring stable oxygenation status. Research indicates that positioning the patient with the
unaffected lung (good lung) dependent best promotes oxygenation in patients with unilateral lung
disease. For bilateral lung disease, the right lung down has best ventilation and perfusion. Increasing
fluid intake and performing postural drainage will facilitate airway clearance, but positioning is most
appropriate to enhance oxygenation.

14. A 71-year-old patient is admitted with acute respiratory distress related to cor pulmonale. Which
of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate during admission of this patient?
A. Delay any physical assessment of the patient and review with the family the patient's history of
respiratory problems. B. Perform a comprehensive health history with the patient to review prior
respiratory problems.
C. Perform a physical assessment of the respiratory system and ask specific questions related to this
episode of respiratory distress.
D. Complete a full physical examination to determine the effect of the respiratory distress on other
body functions.

C. Perform a physical assessment of the respiratory system and ask specific questions related to this
episode of respiratory distress.Because the patient is having respiratory difficulty, the nurse should ask
specific questions about this episode and perform a physical assessment of this system. Further history
taking and physical examination of other body systems can proceed once the patient's acute respiratory
distress is being managed.

15. When planning appropriate nursing interventions for a patient with metastatic lung cancer and a
60-pack-year history of cigarette smoking, the nurse recognizes that the smoking has most likely
decreased the patient's underlying respiratory defenses because of impairment of which of the
following?
A. Reflex bronchoconstriction
B. Ability to filter particles from the air

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